RESUMO:Ageratum fastigiatum (Gardn.) R. M. King et H. Rob. (Asteraceae), conhecido como "matapasto", é uma planta usada na medicina popular como cicatrizante e antimicrobiano. O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar caracterização morfoanatômica da folha, dos ramos e da raiz de A. fastigiatum. Secções transversais e paradérmicas, coradas com safranina/azul de astra e azul de toluidina foram analisadas ao microscópio. As folhas são alternas ou fasciculadas; a infl orescência é constituída de capítulos; as fl ores com corola lilás; ausência de pápus. A raiz apresenta crescimento secundário na zona de ramifi cação com estruturas secretoras. O caule possui epiderme uniestratifi cada, estômatos, tricomas tectores simples e tricomas glandulares capitados. O pecíolo exibe contorno côncavo-convexo e a epiderme é unisseriada. A lâmina foliar é anfi estomática e o mesófi lo dorsiventral. A epiderme possui células de contorno sinuoso e os estômatos são do tipo anomocítico. Os caracteres morfoanatômicos permitiram estabelecer parâmetros para identifi cação do A. fastigiatum. Unitermos:Ageratum fastigiatum, aspectos estruturais, órgãos vegetativos.ABSTRACT: "Morpho-anatomical characterization of Ageratum fastigiatum (Asteraceae)". Ageratum fastigiatum (Gardn.) R. M. King et H. Rob. (Asteraceae), known as "matapasto", is a plant used in the popular medicine as cicatrizant and antimicrobial. The aim of this work was to perform a morpho-anatomical characterization of the leaves, the stems and the roots from A. fastigiatum. Transversal and paradermic sections, stained with astra safranin/blue and toluidine blue were analyzed under a microscope. The leaves are alternate or fasciculate; the infl orescence is constituted of chapters; the fl owers with lilac corolla; papus is absence. The root presents secondary growth in the ramifi cation area with secretor structures. The stem possesses epidermis unistratifi ed, stomata, simple non-glandular trichomes and capitates glandular trichomes. The petiole exhibits concave-convex outline and the epidermis is uniseriate. The blade leaf is hypostomatic; the mesophyll is dorsiventral. The epidermis possesses cells of sinuous outline and the stomata of the anomocytic type. The morpho-anatomical characters allowed establishing parameters for identifi cation of A. fastigiatum.
The shortage of reliable primary taxonomic data limits the description of biological taxa and the understanding of biodiversity patterns and processes, complicating biogeographical, ecological, and evolutionary studies. This deficit creates a significant taxonomic impediment to biodiversity research and conservation planning. The taxonomic impediment and the biodiversity crisis are widely recognized, highlighting the urgent need for reliable taxonomic data. Over the past decade, numerous countries worldwide have devoted considerable effort to Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC), which called for the preparation of a working list of all known plant species by 2010 and an online world Flora by 2020. Brazil is a megadiverse country, home to more of the world's known plant species than any other country. Despite that, Flora Brasiliensis, concluded in 1906, was the last comprehensive treatment of the Brazilian flora. The lack of accurate estimates of the number of species of algae, fungi, and plants occurring in Brazil contributes to the prevailing taxonomic impediment and delays progress towards the GSPC targets. Over the past 12 years, a legion of taxonomists motivated to meet Target 1 of the GSPC, worked together to gather and integrate knowledge on the algal, plant, and fungal diversity of Brazil. Overall, a team of about 980 taxonomists joined efforts in a highly collaborative project that used cybertaxonomy to prepare an updated Flora of Brazil, showing the power of scientific collaboration to reach ambitious goals. This paper presents an overview of the Brazilian Flora 2020 and provides taxonomic and spatial updates on the algae, fungi, and plants found in one of the world's most biodiverse countries. We further identify collection gaps and summarize future goals that extend beyond 2020. Our results show that Brazil is home to 46,975 native species of algae, fungi, and plants, of which 19,669 are endemic to the country. The data compiled to date suggests that the Atlantic Rainforest might be the most diverse Brazilian domain for all plant groups except gymnosperms, which are most diverse in the Amazon. However, scientific knowledge of Brazilian diversity is still unequally distributed, with the Atlantic Rainforest and the Cerrado being the most intensively sampled and studied biomes in the country. In times of “scientific reductionism”, with botanical and mycological sciences suffering pervasive depreciation in recent decades, the first online Flora of Brazil 2020 significantly enhanced the quality and quantity of taxonomic data available for algae, fungi, and plants from Brazil. This project also made all the information freely available online, providing a firm foundation for future research and for the management, conservation, and sustainable use of the Brazilian funga and flora.
For centuries, medicinal plants have been used as source of active principles for the treatment of many conditions. Ethnobotanical studies and bioassay guided isolation procedures have been successfully used in order to investigate and confirm their medicinal prescriptions. Traditionally used in Brazil, Cymbopogon citratus (lemongrass) is usually consumed as tea drink due to its calmative, anxyolitic as well as antihypertensive properties. Due to the similar lemongrass scent many species of Pectis genus have been used as infusion drinks for the same purposes as C. citratus. In Brazil, Pectis brevipedunculata, a sandy ornamental aromatic grass, is one of the "lemongrass odor" correlated species traditionally consumed. Chemical analysis of its essential oil was performed using GC-FID and GC-MS. Such essential oil was characterized by a high percentages of citral (81.8%: neral 35.6% and geranial 46.2%), followed by limonene (2.9%) and α-pinene (2.6%). Chemical and ethnobotanical investigations were performed involving one of the most commonly used Pectis species, known as lemongrass in order to confirm the medicinal indications compared to their chemical profile. The essential oil of P. brevipedunculata was tested against several clinical parasites. Our results were in agreement to the literature survey, suggesting the citral as the principal active constituent of the tested samples. Despite of the wide biological activities spectrum related to the major constituent presented in the essential oil of the most Pectis species, it is necessary to continue the phytochemical and pharmacological studies about the infusions constituents and validate the folk medicine.
-(Palynotaxonomy of species of Lepidaploa (Cass.) Cass. (Vernoniinae -Compositae) from southeastern Brazil). The pollinic study of 23 species of Lepidaploa that occur in southeastern Brazil was done with the objetive of contributing to the pollinic characterization of these species and also evaluating its taxonomic position. The pollen grains were acetolysed, measured, described and ilustrated under light microscopy. For further details of pollen surface and aperture, non acetolysed pollen grains were analysed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and, subsequently, electron-micrographed. Characteristics of pollen grains like shape, size and constitution of exine and aperture were studied. The pollen of the species analysed in this study varies from medium or large in size, isopolar, suboblate, oblate spheroidal or prolate spheroidal, subtriangular ambit, small or large polar area, 3-colporate with echinolophate surface. A key to identify the studied species was made based on pollinic data. Pollen grains from Lepidaploa have four main brochus organization pattern of the echinolophate exine. Three of these patterns can be divided into subtypes according to the apertural lacune shape.Key words -Compositae, Lepidaploa, palynology, southeast Brazil, Vernoniinae RESUMO -(Palinotaxonomia de espécies de Lepidaploa (Cass.) Cass. (Vernoniinae -Compositae) ocorrentes no Sudeste do Brasil). Foi realizado o estudo polínico de 23 espécies de Lepidaploa (Cass.) Cass. (Vernoniinae-Compositae) ocorrentes no Sudeste do Brasil, com o objetivo de contribuir para a caracterização polínica dessas espécies, bem como avaliar sua posição taxonômica. Os grãos de pólen foram acetolisados, medidos, descritos e ilustrados sob microscópia de luz. Para observar detalhes da superfície e da abertura, grãos de pólen não acetolizados foram analisados em microscópio eletrônico de varredura (MEV) e, em seguida, eletromicrografados. Foram estudadas as características dos grãos de pólen como forma, tamanho, constituição da exina e abertura. As espécies analisadas nesse estudo possuem grãos de pólen de tamanho médios ou grandes, isopolares, suboblatos, oblato-esferoidais ou prolato-esferoidais, âmbito subtriangular, área polar pequena ou grande, 3-colporados de superfície equinolofada. Foi confeccionada uma chave para identificação das espécies estudadas com base em dados polínicos. Pôde-se concluir que os grãos de pólen do gênero Lepidaploa apresentam quatro padrões principais de organização das malhas da exina equinolofada e três desses padrões podem ser divididos em subtipos de acordo com a forma da lacuna apertural.
RESUMO -(Palinotaxonomia de espécies de Palavras-chave: Compositae, palinologia, taxonomia,VernoniinaeABSTRACT -(Palynotaxonomy of Chrysolaena H. Rob., Echinocoryne H. Rob. and Stenocephalum Sch. Bip. (Vernonieae-Compositae) species from Southeast Brazil). A pollen study of 11 species distributed in three genera, Chrysolaena H. Rob., Echinocoryne H. Rob. and Stenocephalum Sch. Bip. belonging to the Vernoniinae subtribe was carried out to characterize the pollen of these species and evaluate their taxonomic position. The pollen grains were acetolysed, analyzed and illustrated using light microscopy. For further details of pollen surface and aperture, non-acetolysed pollen grains were analysed by means of scanning and transmition electron microscopy. The genera were separated by a pollen key in two major groups using organization and number of lacunae that form the lophate pattern. In the first group, Echinocoryne H. Rob. species have pollen grains with 30 lacunae and in a second group, Chrysolaena H. Rob. and Stenocephalum Sch. Bip. species with 29 lacunae. Echinocoryne H. Rob. species are palynologically homogenous and only Echinocoryne holosericea (Mart. ex DC.) H. Rob. and Echinocoryne schwenkiaefolia (Mart. ex DC.) H. Rob. can be separated from Echinocoryne pungens (Gardn.) H. Rob. and Echinocoryne stricta (Gardn.) H. Rob. The last two could not be distinguished using pollen characters. Our datashow that pollen characters alone are not enough to define the three genera.
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