there was a high prevalence of HIV co-infection in the service analyzed, disproportionately affecting MSM who were notified with acquired syphilis.
Resumo O artigo aborda a infecção pelo papilomavírus humano (human papillomavirus, HPV), tema constitutivo do Protocolo Clínico e Diretrizes Terapêuticas para Atenção Integral às Pessoas com Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis, publicado pelo Ministério da Saúde. Tal documento foi elaborado com base em evidências científicas e validado em discussões e consenso entre especialistas. São apresentados aspectos epidemiológicos e clínicos, bem como orientações para os gestores e profissionais de saúde no diagnóstico, tratamento e prevenção da infecção pelo HPV. Este tema representa importante problema de saúde pública, haja vista essa infecção sexualmente transmissível ser a mais prevalente no mundo, capaz de desencadear o processo oncogênico do câncer do colo uterino, além de possibilitar a ocorrência de verrugas anogenitais. Neste artigo, são apresentadas informações importantes para o conhecimento do HPV, estratégias de ação para a prevenção e controle da infecção, uma assistência de qualidade e tratamento efetivo da doença.
Background Studies in women indicate that some sexually transmitted infections promote human papillomavirus (HPV) persistence and carcinogenesis. Little is known about this association in men, therefore we assessed whether Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) infection and herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) serostatus are associated with genital HPV prevalence, an early event in HPV related pathogenesis. Methods Genital exfoliated cells, first-void urine and blood from 3,971 men recruited in the USA, Mexico, and Brazil, were tested for HPV, CT, and HSV-2 antibodies, respectively. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess the association of CT infection and HSV-2 serostatus with four HPV outcomes (any, oncogenic, non-oncogenic only, and multiple infections). Results A total of 64 (1.6%) men were CT positive and 811 (20.4%) men were HSV-2 seropositive. After adjustment for potential confounders, CT was associated with any HPV (aOR 2.19, 95%CI: 1.13–4.24), oncogenic HPV (aOR 3.10, 95%CI: 1.53–6.28), and multiple HPV (aOR 3.43, 95%CI: 1.69-6.95) prevalence. HSV-2 serostatus was associated with any HPV (aOR 1.25, 95%CI: 1.02-1.52), non-oncogenic HPV only (aOR 1.38, 95%CI: 1.08-1.75), and multiple HPV (aOR 1.33, 95%CI: 1.06-1.68) prevalence. In analyses stratified by sexual behaviour, CT infection was significantly associated with HPV detection among men reporting ≥2 recent sexual partners, while HSV-2 serostatus was significantly associated with HPV detection in men reporting 0-5 lifetime sexual partners. Conclusion In this population, CT infection and HSV-2 serostatus were associated with prevalent genital HPV infection. Future prospective studies should investigate whether these infections influence HPV acquisition and/or persistence.
RESUMO: Objetivo: Analisar a evolução, de 2011 a 2017, das taxas de detecção de sífilis notificada por sexo, faixa etária e região de residência no estado de São Paulo (ESP). Métodos: Foi organizada série histórica com dados do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN). Foram descritas as taxas de detecção de sífilis adquirida (TDSA) e de sífilis adquirida incluindo as gestantes com sífilis (TDSAG), por 100.000 hab. Para análise de tendência da evolução das taxas no período estudado, foi empregado o modelo Jointpoint (ponto de inflexão), bem como foram estimadas a variação percentual anual (VPA) por segmento e a média da variação percentual anual (MVPA), com os respectivos intervalos de confiança de 95% (IC95%). Resultados: Foram notificados 205.424 casos de sífilis adquirida e sífilis em gestantes no período. Entre 2011 e 2017, a TDSA por 100 mil habitantes variou de 26,0 a 84,6 e a TDSAG por 100 mil habitantes, de 33,7 a 108,9; a tendência foi crescente em ambas as curvas e identificou-se um ponto de inflexão dividindo a curva de TDSA e de TDSAG em dois períodos: de 2011 a 2013 e de 2013 a 2017. A MVPA encontrada da TDSA foi de 21,0% (IC95% 15,7 ‒ 26,4) e da TDSAG, de 21,2% (IC95% 16,4 ‒ -26,1). Nas faixas etárias até 24 anos ocorreu crescimento expressivo em ambos os sexos. Observou-se heterogeneidade na evolução das taxas segundo região do Estado. Conclusões: A tendência crescente das taxas de detecção de sífilis adquirida pode ser atribuída a melhor adesão à notificação e ao acometimento desproporcional dos jovens.
IntroductionRectal douching (RD) is practised among men who have sex with men (MSM), and various products and materials are used. There have been no studies in Brazil on this practice and its risks in the transmission of sexually transmitted infections and HIV.MethodBetween June and August 2015, 401 MSM over the age of 18 were interviewed about their sexual practices associated with RD over the last 3 months. RD was associated with the reported sexual behaviour, and descriptive statistical analyses were conducted on the same.ResultsAmong the respondents, 85.6% identified themselves as men and 14.4% as transgender; 255 declared themselves to be white (63.6%) and 104 to be mixed (25.9%). From among those who had performed anal sex within the last 3 months (n=369), 197 reported having used RD (53.4%). The most commonly used material was a shower hose (84.5%) and the main product used was water (93%). Of those interviewed, 94.5% never received guidelines from health professionals on this practice and its potential risks. Receptive anal intercourse and RD were found to be associated (p<0.001).ConclusionsRD is a common practice among the MSM population. Health professionals must deepen their knowledge of this. We propose studies in Brazil on the practice of RD that—from that knowledge strategies for prevention and harm reduction—can be incorporated to the vulnerable populations.
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