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Currently, there are 21 species of Angiostrongylus that parasitize the pulmonary or mesenteric arteries of wild and domestic rodents, felids, canids and human. Species of Angiostrongylus have cosmopolitan distribution covering tropical, subtropical and temperate regions. The procyonid Nasua nasua (coati) is a reservoir host for a wide variety of parasites that may be harmful to its populations or may contain etiological agents with zoonotic potential. In urban areas, coatis are usually found in close association with humans and domestic animals. We morphologically and molecularly characterized a new species of Angiostrongylus found in N. nasua in a protected area within Belo Horizonte, Brazil. The new species of Angiostrongylus differs from other species of the same genus in terms of the length and bifurcation level of the lateral and ventral rays, the length of spicules and female tail morphology. Molecular phylogenetic results based on the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene suggest that the newly identified species belongs to a genetic lineage that is separate from other species of Angiostrongylus. This new species was collected from the mesenteric arteries of N. nasua. It was named Angiostrongylus minasensis n. sp..

A lista mais recente dos mamíferos que ocorrem no Parque Nacional da Serra dos Órgãos (PARNASO), com 79 registros, consta no seu segundo Plano de Manejo, publicado em 2008. O presente estudo teve como objetivo atualizar a lista de espécies de mamíferos do PARNASO, inserindo novos registros de espécies obtidos através de dados primários e revisão bibliográfica, considerando o período de 2002 a 2018. A revisão da lista do Plano de Manejo resultou em 75 registros válidos. Destes, três espécies foram consideradas localmente extintas (Panthera onca, Tayassu pecari e Tapirus terrestris) e não foram incluídas na presente lista. Desse modo, listamos aqui 100 espécies com registros recentes no PARNASO, o que representa um acréscimo de 28 espécies. As ordens com maior riqueza de espécies foram Rodentia e Chiroptera, com 32 e 23 espécies, respectivamente. Das espécies registradas, quatro são invasoras (Callithrix jacchus, C. penicillata, Rattus norvegicus e R. rattus), três são domésticas (Bos taurus, Canis familiaris e Felis catus), e 26 são ameaçadas de extinção. A análise da distribuição espacial da riqueza de espécies mostrou que apenas metade da área do parque possui ao menos um registro, e que os registros estão concentrados onde há infraestrutura para a pesquisa. A presença de espécies domésticas e invasoras, bem como as extinções locais detectadas, indicam a necessidade de ações de manejo no interior do parque. Esse grande acréscimo de espécies à lista evidencia o desenvolvimento da pesquisa com mamíferos nesta Unidade de Conservação e a necessidade de compilações mais frequentes dos resultados devido aos vários projetos em curso. O PARNASO tem papel de destaque na conservação de mamíferos ao ainda manter uma das maiores riquezas de espécies do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, e grande importância para a pesquisa, abrigando uma ampla gama de estudos e projetos de longa duração.

Leptospirosis is a common worldwide bacterial zoonosis and has been studied in One Health approaches. Small mammals are described as the most important maintenance reservoirs of several pathogens in nature, including leptospires. The aim of this study was to identify infection by leptospires among small mammals on the Atlantic forest biome and evaluate their potential as carriers of these spirochetes. A total of 153 small mammals belonging to orders Rodentia and Didelphimorphia (distributed on 17 genera and 22 species) were captured. Blood and kidney samples were collected from animals and a conventional PCR targeted on lipL32 gene was conducted on renal tissues. Species identification was performed in eight samples by sequencing of rrs gene. A total of 28% of the animals presented lipL32 PCR‐positive, and four pathogenic Leptospira species (L. interrogans, L. borgpetersenii, L. santarosai and L. noguchii) were identified. This study highlights the role of small mammals as carriers of leptospires on the Atlantic Forest representing a potential source of pathogenic Leptospira spp infection for both humans and domestic animals.

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The parasite biodiversity of mouse opossums in Brazil remains incompletely explored. We describe a new species of Subulura (Ascaridida: Subuluroidea) from the large intestine of the white-bellied woolly mouse opossum, Marmosa constantiae, based on the results of light and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). We also partially sequenced the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I (MT-CO1) gene of the new species, using molecular phylogenetic analyses to determine its relationships within the Subuluroidea superfamily. As molecular data on subuluroid species are extremely limited, few inferences could be drawn from our phylogenies. Our SEM observations showed the detailed morphology of the cephalic extremity, precloacal pseudo-sucker, caudal papillae, phasmids and vulva. Subulura eliseae sp. n. differs from the other four Subulura parasites species of marsupials by the number of caudal papillae and the structure dimensions, and size of the spicule. Moreover, S. eliseae sp. n. has ten pairs of caudal papillae, which is unique compared to other species. We present morphometric and molecular data on this new species, contributing to future studies on subuluroids.

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