Pathogenic<i>Leptospira</i>species are widely disseminated among small mammals in Atlantic Forest biome

Vieira, Anahi S.; D’Andrea, Paulo Sérgio; Vilela, Roberto do Val; Loretto, Diogo; Jaeger, Lauren Hubert; Carvalho-Costa, Filipe Aníbal; Lilenbaum, Walter

doi:10.1111/tbed.13135

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 38 publications

(63 reference statements)

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“…In what concerns the present INIAV Mozdok PT and Horse 112 strains analysed by MLST, it is interesting to observe the similarity between them, despite having been obtained from different animal species with no contact between them. Given that similarity and considering that neither pigs nor horses are carriers of Mozdok, it is reasonable to assume that those infections were probably acquired by contact with mice or other carrier wild mammals (Vieira et al, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic diversity of pathogenic leptospires from wild, domestic and captive host species in Portugal

Ferreira

Ahmed

Rocha

et al. 2019

Transbound Emerg Dis

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Leptospirosis is a neglected zoonotic disease of worldwide distribution with a significant veterinary and public health impact. It is caused by pathogenic bacteria of the genus Leptospira. The availability of effective tools to accurately identify and type leptospires is of utmost importance for the diagnosis of the disease and for assessing its epidemiology. Several multi‐locus sequence typing (MLST) approaches were described for the typing of worldwide isolates of Leptospira but an extensive agreement towards the adoption of a unique consensus scheme for this agent is still lacking. Most genotyped strains originate from Asian and South American countries, with a minority originating from Europe (being most countries represented only by one or a few isolates). The knowledge of the diversity of circulating leptospires is the key to understanding the disease transmission and its zoonotic implications. In this study, we revisited the taxonomy of several isolates of pathogenic Leptospira obtained from domestic, wild and captive animals in Portugal, between 1990 and 2012. A selection of these isolates was genotyped using two previously published MLST schemes. A total of seven distinct sequence types (STs) were detected among the Portuguese isolates with two STs representing L. borgpetersenii (ST149 and ST152), two STs representing L. kirschneri (ST117 and ST100) and three STs representing L. interrogans (ST17, ST24 and ST140). Global widespread (and maybe more virulent) Leptospira genotypes seem to circulate in Portugal, particularly the L. interrogans ST17 isolates which are associated with several outbreaks of leptospirosis among humans and animals in different regions of the world. This study contributes to the enrichment of the global MLST databases with a new set of allele and sequence type information also providing novel data on circulating Leptospira serovars in Portugal.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic diversity of pathogenic leptospires from wild, domestic and captive host species in Portugal

Ferreira

Ahmed

Rocha

et al. 2019

Transbound Emerg Dis

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“…Although not frequently reported, strains of L. noguchii have been described infecting a variety of animal hosts, including cattle (Barragan et al, ; Faine et al, ; Hamond et al, ; Martins et al, ; Zarantonelli et al, ), rats (Pellizzaro et al, ; Vieira et al, ) and bats (Ballados‐González et al, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular epidemiology of Leptospira noguchii reveals important insights into a One Health context

Loureiro

Jaeger

Azevedo

et al. 2019

Transbound Emerg Dis

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Leptospirosis presents a complex and dynamic epidemiology. Bovine leptospirosis has been described as a major infectious disease impairing reproductive efficiency. Although infections by Leptospira interrogans, L. santarosai and L. borgpetersenii are frequently reported in cattle, the presence of L. noguchii in these animals should not be neglected. In this study, we describe serological (MAT) and molecular characterization (rrs and secY gene sequencing, multilocus sequence typing [MLST] and pulsed‐field gel electrophoresis [PFGE]) of eight L. noguchii strains obtained from slaughtered cows. Intraspecific genetic diversity was evaluated, and haplotype networks were constructed based on hosts and geographical localizations. Strains were characterized as belonging to serogroups Australis, Autumnalis and Panama, and molecular characterization showed a high heterogeneity of these strains. Ten different STs were found (including nine new STs and 39 novel alleles) as well as nine different pulsotypes. Two clonal complexes were found. Phylogenetic trees based on secY locus and concatenated MLST loci showed two main clusters, with sequences from the present study included in the first. In general, there was no relationship between the geographical origin and the secY phylogenetic clusters, as well as between secY phylogenetic clusters and serogroups. Molecular diversity indexes confirmed a high variability (H > 0.8). This high intraspecific variation observed may be related to differences in virulence, pathogenicity and antigenicity or even adaptability of the strains. In addition, haplotype networks clearly demonstrated the circulation of genotypes between humans and animals, confirming the zoonotic potential. The present study provides relevant data for the study of leptospirosis in the One Health context, where human, animal and environmental health is closely connected.

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“…We also identified both species from environmental samples suggesting the role of the environment in the spread of this pathogen. Strains of L. noguchii have been described infecting cattle [ 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 ] rats [ 23 , 24 ] and bats [ 25 ]. Apart from animal infections, the zoonotic aspect of this species has been suggested.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Leptospira infection typically either resolves or colonizes several target organs in the host, and disappears rapidly from circulation [ 29 ]. Chronic and asymptomatic Leptospira infections have been reported in several hosts [ 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 ]. The dissemination in blood usually precedes urinary shedding and colonization of kidney and spleen.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular and Serological Prevalence of Leptospira spp. in Feral Pigs (Sus scrofa) and their Habitats in Alabama, USA

et al. 2020

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Leptospirosis is a widespread zoonosis and has been recognized as a re-emerging infectious disease in humans and a variety of wild and domestic animal species. In order to understand the prevalence and diversity of Leptospira spp. in feral pig populations of Alabama, we trapped 315 feral pigs in Bullock County east-central Alabama, and collected 97 environmental samples from riparian areas in Bullock County and Macon County east-central Alabama. Two previously published PCRs followed by DNA sequencing and BLASTn were performed to identify pathogenic Leptospira species in the kidney of feral pigs (3.2%, 10/315) as well as environmental samples collected from the habitats of feral pigs (2.1%, 2/97), but not in the whole blood samples (n = 276) or spleen (n = 51). An ELISA determined that 44.2% of serum samples (122/276) were antibody-positive for Leptospira. The identification of two pathogenic Leptospira species from environmental samples and the high sero-positivity in feral pigs suggests potential pathogen shedding from feral pigs to environments, and to humans and domestic animals. In order to better understand the risk to human health associated with feral swine presence, further studies are warranted to explore the interrelationship between Leptospira spp. shedding in the urine of feral pigs and bacterial culture to explore pathogenicity. Multi-locus sequencing typing (MLST) and microscopic agglutination tests (MAT) should be performed in future studies to make a definite determination of pathogenic Leptospira in feral pigs in Alabama.

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PathogenicLeptospiraspecies are widely disseminated among small mammals in Atlantic Forest biome

Cited by 10 publications

References 38 publications

Genetic diversity of pathogenic leptospires from wild, domestic and captive host species in Portugal

Genetic diversity of pathogenic leptospires from wild, domestic and captive host species in Portugal

Molecular epidemiology of Leptospira noguchii reveals important insights into a One Health context

Molecular and Serological Prevalence of Leptospira spp. in Feral Pigs (Sus scrofa) and their Habitats in Alabama, USA

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