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The combination of tools such as time‐kill assay with subsequent application of mathematical modeling can clarify the potential of new antimicrobial compounds, since minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) value does not provide a very detailed characterization of antimicrobial activity. Recently, our group has reported that the 8‐hydroxy‐5‐quinolinesulfonic acid presents relevant antifungal activity. However, its intrinsic acidity could lead to an ionization process, decreasing fungal cell permeability. To overcome this potential problem and enhance activity, the purpose of this study was to synthesize and evaluate a novel series of hybrids between the 8‐hydroxyquinoline core and sulfonamide and to prove their potential using broth microdilution method, obtaining the pharmacodynamic parameters of the most active derivatives combining time‐kill studies and mathematical modeling and evaluating their toxicity. Compound 5a was the most potent, being active against all the fungal species tested, with low toxicity in normal cells. 5a and 5b have presented important antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus strain. The EC50 values obtained by combination of time‐kill studies with mathematical model were similar to those of MIC, which confirms the potential of compounds. In addition, these derivatives are non‐irritant molecules with the absence of topical toxicity. Finally, 5a and 5b are promising candidates for treatment of dermatomycosis and candidiasis.

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BackgroundGestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and vitamin D deficiency have been associated with increased risk of adverse perinatal outcomes but the consequences of both conditions simultaneously present in pregnancy have not yet been evaluated. Our objective was to study the influence of vitamin D deficiency in neonatal outcomes of pregnancies with GDM.Methods184 pregnant women with GDM referred to specialized prenatal monitoring were included in this cohort and had blood sampled for 25-hydroxyvitamin D measurement. Vitamin D was measured by chemiluminescence and deficiency was defined as < 20 ng/mL. Participants were followed until puerperium and adverse neonatal outcomes were evaluated.ResultsNewborns of women with vitamin D deficiency had higher incidences of hospitalization in intensive care units (ICU) (32 vs 19%, P = 0.048), of hypoglycemia (any, 17.3 vs 7.1%, P = 0.039requiring ICU, 15.3 vs 3.6%, P = 0.008), and were more frequently small for gestational age (SGA) (17.3 vs 5.9%, P = 0.017). After adjustment, relative risk (RR) for hypoglycemia requiring ICU was 3.63 (95%CI 1.09–12.11) and for SGA was 4.32 (95%CI 1.75–10.66). The incidence of prematurity, jaundice and shoulder dystocia was no statistically different between groups.ConclusionsIn this cohort of pregnant women with GDM, vitamin D deficiency was associated with a major increase in the incidence of adverse neonatal outcomes such as SGA newborns and neonatal hypoglycemia.

In this cohort of pregnant women with GDM, vitamin D insufficiency was associated with higher blood pressure, and in white women, serum vitamin D was an independent predictor of systolic blood pressure during pregnancy.

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Aim: To evaluate the antibacterial and synergistic effect of a new 8-hydroxyquinoline derivative (PH176) against MRSA. Materials & methods: PH176 activity was determined by broth microdilution against 38 Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates. The antibacterial and synergistic effects with oxacillin and nitroxoline were evaluated by time–kill assays to five MRSA isolates. Toxicity was evaluated by in vitro and ex vivo models. Results: The MIC50 and MIC90 of PH176 were 16 and 32 μg/ml, respectively. The PH176 and nitroxoline led to a reduction in colony count for four isolates and the combination of PH176 and oxacillin acted synergically for three isolates. Furthermore, PH176 was determined to be noncytotoxic/nonirritant. Conclusion: These results demonstrate that PH176 has revealed promising results to be a potential candidate to treat MRSA infections.