Tumors of the nerve sheaths are very unusual. They occur with the highest frequency in the head and neck region, yet only 4% have been found to occur within the paranasal sinuses. Only 40 cases of nerve sheath tumors with direct involvement of the paranasal sinuses have been reported in the world's literature to date. Three new cases of neurofibroma not associated with Recklinghausen's disease and one case of a schwannoma of the frontoethmoid and maxillary sinuses are presented. The clinical, radiographic, and histopathologic features of these lesions will be discussed with emphasis on electron microscopy and immunohistochemical differentiation of these rare and often confusing lesions.
Intravenous drug use patients present to the head and neck surgeon when injections are directed "in the pocket," or more appropriately, toward the internal jugular vein in the neck. The more common complications of this practice include the development of cellulitis, abscess, and venous thrombophlebitis and, potentially, pulmonary embolism and pseudoaneurysm of the carotid and subclavian arteries. Vocal cord paralysis as a result of neck injection in the intravenous drug-using population is rarely described, and a review of the literature has yielded only two reports addressing this uncommon phenomenon. During a 7 1/2-year period between October 1981 and June 1989, nine patients presented to Detroit Medical Center with hoarseness, upper-airway obstruction, or both following the injection of heroin or related substances into the neck. Otolaryngologic evaluation demonstrated unilateral or bilateral vocal cord paralysis coincident with recent neck injections. The clinical signs and symptoms, location of the injections, acute management, and subsequent complications are catalogued. Acute management of these patients consisted of airway assurance via tracheotomies when indicated and observation for the development of cellulitis, abscess, or more life-threatening neurovascular complications. Follow-up laryngeal examinations ranged from 4 months to 4 1/2 years and found no demonstrable return of vocal cord function in any of the nine patients.
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