Surgical Correction of Enophthalmos and Diplopia: A Report of 38 Cases

Mathog, Robert H.; Hillstrom, Robert P.; Nesi, Frank A.

doi:10.1001/archotol.1989.01860260043012

Cited by 42 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Although there are numerous reports of retrospective studies on the results of both operative and nonoperative management of these injuries, no published study has addressed the outcome of these injuries in high-level athletes. 1–8,11 From our data, it appears that orbital fractures occur at an average of twice per year in the NFL. Our findings suggest that, despite early surgical intervention, diplopia remained in more than half of the 19 athletes who were available for follow-up examination.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

“…Subsequently, surgical intervention is appropriate if diplopia persists. 11 Surgery has been shown to lead to satisfactory results 2,4,7 ; however, one study found persistent diplopia after surgical reconstruction in 37% of 54 patients. 1 We found that 53% of the 15 patients who were treated surgically had persistent diplopia with upper-field gaze, perhaps because they had particularly severe injuries.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fractures about the Orbit in Professional American Football Players

et al. 2001

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A retrospective review was performed of records for players who suffered fractures about the orbit during participation in officially sponsored activities of the National Football League from 1980 to 1997. Clinical information was obtained on 19 of 29 players who sustained orbital fractures. The most common signs and symptoms included decreased visual acuity (74%, 14), decreased eye movement (42%, 8), hyphema (37%, 7), and infraorbital numbness (21%, 4). The mechanisms of injury were a digital poke (74%, 14) and blunt facial trauma (26%, 5). There were significantly more orbital fractures than zygomatic fractures suffered by offensive linemen as compared with all other positions. Fifteen of 19 players were managed with surgical reconstruction; 4 players were treated nonoperatively. The mean time from injury to surgical procedure was 7.7 days (range, 0 to 42). The mean interval to follow-up was 45.6 months (range, 3 to 146). At follow-up examination, eight (53%) of the patients treated surgically still reported diplopia with upper field gaze. Three of the four patients treated nonoperatively were asymptomatic. The mean time lost from games or practice was 25 days (range, 5 to 56). Ultimately, 17 (89%) players with orbital fractures were able to return to full football activities. Two patients were unable to resume their careers because of residual visual impairment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fractures about the Orbit in Professional American Football Players

et al. 2001

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“…Asymmetry may indicate a sinus and/or orbital tumor or mucocele, orbital wall displacement with trauma, or soft tissue disease as a result of trauma or infection. Reconstruction will depend upon re‐establishing volume‐content relationships that restore the symmetry 21,22 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Orbital Measurement in Black and White Populations

Barretto¹,

Mathog²

1999

The Laryngoscope

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“…An increasing body of evidence during the last decade emphasizes the importance of the exact repositioning and rigid fixation of facial fractures. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] A successful outcome is essential for functional and cosmetic reasons. This is especially true of fractures involving the orbit, which require precise reconstruction volumetrically and anatomically to prevent late complications, first and foremost in terms of eye function.…”

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confidence: 99%

Long‐Term Sequelae after Surgery for Orbital Floor Fractures

Folkestad

Westin

1999

Otolaryngol.--head neck surg.

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A surgical technique involving exact repositioning and rigid fixation is required for the reduction of fractures of the orbital floor. Even then, sequelae may be present long after the trauma. The aim of this study was to establish the frequency and type of sequelae after surgery for orbital floor fractures and to investigate the extent to which the method of surgery had any impact on the severity of the sequelae. A questionnaire was sent to all 107 patients (response rate 77%) 1 to 5 years after the injury. Further clinical data were obtained from the patients' charts. Eighty-three percent of the patients were affected by some kind of permanent sequelae in terms of sensibility, vision, and/or physical appearance. A high frequency of diplopia (36%) was related to the reconstruction of the orbital floor with a temporary "supporting" antral packing in the maxillary sinus, a technique which has now been abandoned at our department in favor of orbital restoration with sheets of porous polyethylene. Our conclusion is that, because long-term sequelae are common, the surgical technique must be subjected to continuous quality control to minimize future problems for this group of patients.

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Surgical Correction of Enophthalmos and Diplopia: A Report of 38 Cases

Cited by 42 publications

References 32 publications

Fractures about the Orbit in Professional American Football Players

Fractures about the Orbit in Professional American Football Players

Orbital Measurement in Black and White Populations

Long‐Term Sequelae after Surgery for Orbital Floor Fractures

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