Orbital Measurement in Black and White Populations

Abstract

These findings suggest that racial differences exist for certain measures of globe and orbital position, i.e., projection, IPD, and PFW. Racial background should be considered when evaluating orbital anatomy.

Racial and Ethnic Differences in Ocular Anatomy

“…Normative data for both black and white populations have been published, and the data correlate well among different studies (Table 1). [11][12][13] In general, globe protrusion in blacks tends to be at the upper limit of normal for what has been reported for whites (Figs 3, 4). Data for other races have not been well documented.…”

Exophthalmos of patients with Graves' disease in Chinese of Taiwan

“…Establishing a range of normal values is important in diagnosing and managing orbital abnormalities related to eyeball protrusion. In comparison with previous studies of normal subjects among different populations, the normal exophthalmos value for the Chinese in Taiwan obtained from our study seemed to be lower than that of both black and white people in the United States, [3][4][5][6] Danish, 1,2 and Mexican; 17 but is close to that of Indian, 18 Korean, 19 and Japan. 20 If the upper normal limit was defined as 2 standard deviations above the mean, the upper limit of normal Chinese in our study was 18.6 mm, which was lower than 21 mm that has traditionally been considered for Caucasians.…”

“…In adults, thyroid associated orbitopathy (TAO) is the most common cause of unilateral or bilateral exophthalmos. The differences in normal or Graves' disease (GD) exophthalmos for both black and white populations have been well described, [1][2][3][4][5][6] but the ethnic difference especially in the Chinese has rarely been recognized in English literature. In this study, we compare the exophthalmos of GD adult patients with those of normal subjects among the Chinese of Taiwan, and also review the published papers to compare such ophthalmic differences between various racial and ethnic groups.…”

Racial and Ethnic Differences in Ocular Anatomy

“…13 corneal curvature. Even though AL has been thought of traditionally as having the greatest impact on amount of myopia, rigorous ocular component measurements in samples that deal with ethnic variation have been infrequent.…”