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Minimally invasive surgery has been found in humans to reduce pain, incidence of infections, and duration of hospitalization. Minimally invasive procedures are also being described in veterinary medicine. Laparoscopic ovariohysterectomy (OHE) was performed on nine, healthy, intact female dogs using a Harmonic scalpel. Creatine kinase values were determined both before and 12 hours following the laparoscopic OHE; the magnitude of the difference between preoperative and postoperative creatine kinase values did not correlate with length of operative time, length of incisions, or amount of hemorrhage. Complications included one dog that had an omental herniation that was primarily repaired and one dog with seroma formation. Median surgical time for all dogs was 60 minutes (range, 35 to 100 minutes).

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The LGT could be used for the treatment of CrCL ruptures in the dog. A clinical study is recommended.

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Objective-To assess the effect of 9 mm tibial tuberosity advancement (TTA) on cranial tibial translation (CTT) in cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) deficient canine stifles.Study Design-In vitro cadaveric study. Animals-Twelve canine pelvic limbs.Methods-Each stifle was placed in a jig at 135° with a simulated quadriceps force and tibial axial force, and the distance of CTT was measured with the CCL intact (iCCL), transected (tCCL), and after performing a TTA using a 9 mm cage. In addition, a material testing machine was used to assess the force required to elicit CTT in each scenario.Results-The mean CTT for iCCL was 0.42 mm, 1.58 mm after severing the CCL, and 1.06 mm post TTA. The tCCL CTT measured without any quadriceps force was 2.59 mm. Differences between the intact and tCCL (p<0.0001) and tCCL and TTA (p=0.0003) were significant. The difference between the tCCL with and without the quadriceps force was not significant (p=0.0597). The force required to cause CTT was greater in the TTA than the tCCL up to 6mm (p<0.0001). As axial load increased, the force required to advance the tibia increased in both treatment groups (p value for overall weight effect =0.0002). Conclusions-

The study sought to determine the perceptions of selected farmers on issues related to sustainable agriculture practices. The study found farmers were positive about sustainable agriculture practices but still had several concerns about some practices within the concept. Farmers were trying several different practices and were open to experiment with new ideas. Most farmers appeared to be at an information gathering stage. The process of education used at this point in decision-making about new practices could be critical for the level of adoption. The results of this study indicated that the process of needs assessment and analysis was required on a continuous basis if information about sustainable agricultural practices were to be completely understood and fully implemented.

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