Background: The increasing prevalence of overweight and related diseases has gained more scientific attention. Overweight and obesity are known as a threat to health, and low serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels is associated with obesity. Objectives: Therefore, we examined the effect of Pilates training on body composition, lipid profile, and serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels in inactive overweight women. Methods: In this clinical study, 28 overweight women were randomly divided into a training group (n = 14) and a control group (n = 14). Pilates training was performed three 60-min sessions during 12 weeks. In two stages, blood samples were collected 48 hours before and after the last protocol exercise training session. During the 12 weeks, the control group had no exercise training. For analyzing within- and between-group changes, paired t-test and ANCOVA with the significant level of P < 0.05 were used, respectively. Results: After 12 weeks of Pilates training in the training group compared to the control group, there was a significant decrease in the body mass index (P = 0.005), cholesterol (P = 0.001) and triglyceride (P = 0.001) values, and serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels (P = 0.005), while high-density lipoprotein (P = 0.028) increased significantly. However, no significant change was observed in low-density lipoprotein levels (P = 0.435). Conclusions: According to the results, it can be indicated that 12 weeks of Pilates training have improved serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels, changed anthropometry, and lipid profile in inactive overweight women.
Background:Recently, the deleterious effects of left bundle branch block (LBBB) on left ventricular systolic function have been taken into consideration.Objectives:The present study aimed to identify underlying factors that predict left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) deterioration in patients suffered from complete LBBB.Patients and Methods:In a retrospective case-control study, the data of 220 consecutive patients diagnosed with LBBB on their electrocardiograms were assessed. They were referred to Isfahan Heart Center in Isfahan Province, Iran in 2013. LVEF deterioration was defined as a decrease in LVEF at least 10% between the baseline and follow-up echocardiography study. Thus, achieving the LVEF values ≤ 40% in patients with an initial EF of > 50% was considered LVEF deterioration.Results:Among 220 patients, 40% of LBBB patients suffered LVEF deterioration within 3 months of initial assessment. The group with LVEF deterioration had higher male to female ratio, had higher NYHA score, and suffered more from systolic hypertension than another group. Those with coronary artery disease (CAD) had also significantly lower LVEF than non-CAD ones. Adverse associations were revealed between systolic blood pressure and LVEF measurement (r = -0.193, P = 0.006) as well as between NYHA score and LVEF (r = -0.215, P = 0.002). A multivariable logistic regression model showed that among baseline variables, male gender (OR = 3.218, P < 0.001), history of systolic hypertension (OR = 2.012, P = 0.029), higher NYHA score (OR = 1.623, P = 0.005), and the presence of coronary artery disease (OR = 2.475, P = 0.028) could effectively predict LVEF deterioration in patients with LBBB.Conclusions:Male gender, history of hypertension, high NYHA score, and the presence of CAD predict LVEF deterioration in patients with LBBB.
Background: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a new class of biomarkers that involved in many biological processes and gene expression. The present study examined the effects of eight weeks of high intensity interval training (HIIT), endurance and resistance training on the expression of miRNA-210 and serum Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α) level in young male athletes. Methods: In this semi-experimental study, 40 young male athletes randomized into four groups including HIIT, endurance (EN), resistance (RES) trainings for eight weeks and also control groups. The HIIT program was consisted of 6-8 running sprints (30-60 seconds) with a 3.5-4 min recovery. Endurance training was included on 40-30 minutes of running at 75-70% heart rate reserve. Moreover, resistance training was a circuit training program consisting of three sets of 8-6 repetitions including chest press, curls, leg press, hack press and leg extension at 80-75% of one-repetition maximum (1RM). Blood samples were taken 24 hours pre and post intervention. Finally, the results were analyzed using one way analysis of variance and paired samples t test.Results: Serum miRNA-210 expression and HIF-1α concentration were significantly increased following to three types of training (P<0.05). However, the amount of the observed increases were significantly higher in HIIT group rather than both EN and RES groups (P<0.05) with no significant difference between EN and RES groups (P>0.05). Conclusion:All three training protocols increased Serum miRNA-210 expression and HIF-1α concentration with better efficiency of HIIT proposing it as an effective training method in this area.
Background and Objectives: Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and myostatin play an important role in responding to muscle contractions, regulating and stimulating muscle metabolism. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 8 weeks of resistance training with and without blood flow restriction on IGF-1 and myostatin of female athletes. Materials and Methods:In this semi-experimental study, 33 athletic girls were randomly assigned to three groups of 11 people: 1-traditional resistance training (TRT) (at 80% 1RM), 2-resistance training with blood flow restriction (BFR) (at 30% 1RM), and 3-blood flow restriction group with no exercise. Standing barbell curl and barbell bench press exercises were performed for 8 weeks. Blood samples were taken before and 48 hours after training to assess IGF-1 and myostatin levels by ELISA. Paired t-test was used to compare within-group changes and one-way ANOVA was used to compare between-group changes. Significance level was considered p<0/05.Results: Myostatin level significantly decreased in both training groups compared to the control (p=0.014). Whereas there was no significant difference in IGF-1 between the three groups (p=0.137). Conclusion:Due to the similarity of the effect of BFR and TRT on serum levels of IGF-1 and myostatin protein in female athletes, it is recommended to use less intense exercise such as BFR instead of TRT to maintain health.
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