The main goal of this study was to measure time spent in different activities by mothers who have children with cerebral palsy (CP), in comparison to mothers of healthy children. Methods: This study features a descriptive, cross-sectional and matched case control design. Sixty-seven mothers aged between 25 and 50 years based on inclusion and exclusion criteria were selected. The prototype of the Farsi translation of the Mothers' Time Use Questionnaire was used to measure the time allocations for different activities in both groups. Results: Mothers of children with CP spent more time in childcare activities and had a lower level of "satisfaction" in comparison with mothers who have healthy children (p < .05). There were no significant differences in other subtype activities between both groups, namely, paid work, leisure, household chores, and sleeping/resting (p > .05). Conclusion: There was an imbalance over time use between childcare activities and other subtype activities in mothers who have children with CP as compared to mothers with healthy children. Mothers with children who have CP require more attention, support, and special assistance from the government to meet their specific roles as mothers.
Objectives: To determine the reliability and cross-cultural validation of the Persian translation of the Manual Ability Classification System (MACS) for children with cerebral palsy (CP). Methods: After the forward-backward translation procedures and investigation of face and content validity, inter-rater and test-retest reliability was assessed between parents and occupational therapists using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Parents and therapists classified 100 children (4–18 years, mean age of 8.13 years, SD=3.40, 63 boys, 37 girls) with various types of CP using MACS. Additional data on the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS), and accompanying conditions were also collected. Findings: The inter-rater reliability was high; the ICC was 0.96 (ranged between 0.94–0.97) among occupational therapists and parents. The ICC for the test-retest reliability was high; the ICC related to parents was 0.97 (ranged between 0.95–0.98) and the ICC related to occupational therapists was 0.97 (ranged between 0.96–0.98). Discussion: The Persian version of MACS is found to be valid and reliable, and is suggested to be appropriate for assessing the manual ability of children with CP within the Iranian population.
ObjectivesThe purpose of the study was to determine depression and perceived social support and some related factors among the elderly people in urban areas of Tehran in the area of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences. Methods & Materials A cross-sectional study was conducted with 580 elderly of Tehran in Shahid Beheshti University using a multistage systematic sampling method. Data were collected by trained questioners. Standard Beck depression, Zimet perceived social support and demographic questionnaires were used. Analysis was performed by Stata software. Mann-Whitney test, Kruskal-Wallis test, Spearman correlation and descriptive tests were used in this study. Results The mean age of participants was 69.66±7.91 years. A total of 67.53% of participants lived only with their spouses; 4.01% were illiterate and 89.69% owned at least one residential home. Health insurance coverage was for 92.38% of elderly. A total of 29.6 and 46.99% of the participants expressed their satisfaction with economic and living status, respectively. The prevalences of depression in mild, moderate and severe levels were 17.41%, 25.58%, and 8.88%, respectively, and it was 51.87% in average. A total of 72.38% of participants reported their agreement with perceived social support. Kruskal-Wallis test implied that the levels of depression had a significant relationship with perceived social support (P>0.001). By a correlation test, a negative linear correlation was observed between depression and perceived social support (-0.388). The marital status, home ownership, health insurance, and of life and economic satisfaction showed a significant relationship with both perceived social support and depression variables. Education and depression were significantly related. But, gender and depression did not show any significant relationship. There was no significant relationship between gender and education with perceived social support. Conclusion Depression was found to be common in the elderly. There are similar economic and familial factors that are in relation to perceived social support and depression. According to the emotional and economic problems, creating the appropriate economic, cultural and social conditions can provide a healthier environment for the elderly to live in. A B S T R A C T Key words:Elderly, Depression, Perceived social support Objectivesoday, approximately 580 million people of the world population are elderly people. By 2020, this figure will reach one billion [1]. Due to the reduction in mortality rate resulting from the advances in medical sciences, health and education, there has been an increase in the life expectancy rate worldwide. It is believed that there will be significant developments in a wide range of traditional structures, values, norms and the creation of social organizations. Therefore, coping with the challenges of this phenomenon and making use of appropriate measures to improve the physical, mental and social health of the elderly are of great importance and have been placed on the ag...
Background:With increasing age, the prevalence of chronic diseases increases. Since health-promoting behaviors (HPB) are considered a basic way of preventing diseases, especially chronic diseases, it is important to assess HPB. This study examines the validity and reliability of the Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile II (HPLP-II).Methods:This is a cross-sectional study which is conducted on 502 elderly individuals aged 60 and over in Tehran, Iran. In order to determine the validity, content and construct validity were used. The content validity index (CVI) was used to assess the content validity and to assess construct validity, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and item-total correlations were employed. For reliability, test-retest analysis was used, and the internal consistency of the HPLP-II was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha. For data analysis, SPSS-18 and Amos-7 software was used.Results:The mean age of the subjects was 66.3 ± 5.3 years. The CVI for the revised HPLP-II and all its subscales was higher than 0.82. The CFA confirmed a six-factor model aligned with the original HPLP-II. Pearson correlation coefficients between the revised HPLP-II and their items were in range of 0.27–0.65. Cronbach's alpha of the revised HPLP-II was obtained as 0.78 and for their subscales were in the range of 0.67–0.84. Intraclass correlation coefficient was obtained 0.79 (95% confidence interval: 0.59–0.86, P < 0.001).Conclusions:The Iranian HPLP-II scale is an appropriate tool for assessing HPBs of the Iranian elderly.
Objectives Because of increasing geriatric population in Iran, the present study aims to plan, prevent, and mitigate the complications among the retired elderly of the Tehran Municipality Pension Organization and then investigate its relation to gender. Methods & MaterialsThe descriptive and analytic approach was adopted on 300 elderly subjects who were 60 years and older (Mean [SD]: 68.14[7.11] years). The subjects were selected using random sampling method. All the elderly subjects were retired members of the Tehran Municipality Administration. The data were collected by direct reference to the subjects' home and conducting interviews. The data collection tool included questionnaires with two sections. The first section consisted of the demographic, socioeconomic, and health profiles, and the second section consisted of WHO Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 questionnaire. The obtained data were analyzed by SPSS 18. Results Among the elderly subjects in this study, 175 (54%) had no disability, 125 (46%) were disabled, and 19.13% had mild disability. The average disability rate was 5.6% in females and 4.38% in males; these rates were high compared to the present rate in the society. However, the lowest rate of disability (0.72% in males and 1.07% in females) was related to self-caring and personal health. Conclusion In conclusion, the retired elderly of Tehran Municipality Administration showed a lower level of disability compared to those of other developed countries. However, there is an increasing need for setting up geriatric cares units as the population pattern of elderly people is rising in Iran. In addition, the rate of disability was found to be higher in females (58.14%) compared to males (53.31%), which shows a significant relation of disability status with gender and age (P<0.001). A B S T R A C T Keywords:Disability, Elderly, Tehran City council, Sex The aging population has been associated with the increase in the rate of disability I among these elderly. Studies have shown that the extent of disability in activities and chronic diseases is inversely related to cognitive performance and quality of life [2]. Disability is a good indicator of health risk assessment in the elderly population that includes the limitation of the ability to perform social roles and activities related to the job or continuing independent life. The incidence of disability is related to several factors. No study has been carried out in this aspect in the Tehran Municipality Pension Organization. Therefore, the present study aimed at determining the extent of disability in the elderly people and its relationship with gender. Methods & MaterialsThe Tehran Municipality Pension Organization has covered over 7400 retired employees. This study is a correlational and descriptive-analytical research carried out on 300 people aged 60 years and older (Mean [SD]: 68.14[7.11] years), who were covered by Tehran Municipality Pension Organization. These participants were selected using random sampling method and the study data were colle...
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