Introduction: The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of occupational performance coaching in mothers of children with cerebral palsy. Method: A randomized controlled trial was used. Thirty mothers of children with cerebral palsy were randomly assigned to an occupational performance coaching group or control group. The Canadian Occupational Performance Measure and Sherer General Self-efficacy Scale were measured before and after the study. Results: Occupational performance coaching had significant effects on participants' occupational performance and self-efficacy. In child-related goals, there was also a statistically significant difference between two groups (p ¼ 0.05). Conclusion: The results indicated that occupational performance coaching could be an effective intervention to increase the self-efficacy of mothers and improve the occupational performance of children and mothers of children with cerebral palsy.

The main goal of this study was to measure time spent in different activities by mothers who have children with cerebral palsy (CP), in comparison to mothers of healthy children. Methods: This study features a descriptive, cross-sectional and matched case control design. Sixty-seven mothers aged between 25 and 50 years based on inclusion and exclusion criteria were selected. The prototype of the Farsi translation of the Mothers' Time Use Questionnaire was used to measure the time allocations for different activities in both groups. Results: Mothers of children with CP spent more time in childcare activities and had a lower level of "satisfaction" in comparison with mothers who have healthy children (p < .05). There were no significant differences in other subtype activities between both groups, namely, paid work, leisure, household chores, and sleeping/resting (p > .05). Conclusion: There was an imbalance over time use between childcare activities and other subtype activities in mothers who have children with CP as compared to mothers with healthy children. Mothers with children who have CP require more attention, support, and special assistance from the government to meet their specific roles as mothers.

Objectives: Studies around the world have shown that having a child with disability impacts a mother's time use. The purpose of this study was to compare the time use of mothers of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) with mothers of typically developing children.Methods: Eighty-four Iranian mothers (42 with ASD children and 42 with typically developing children) completed the Mothers' Time Use Questionnaire (MTUQ). Results:Mothers of ASD children spent more time doing childcare activities (P<0.001), but no significant differences were found in time spent in self-care, rest/sleep, leisure, household chores, job or social participation activities. Furthermore, quality and enjoyment of daily activities were significantly lower in mothers of children with ASD compared to mothers of typically developing children.Discussion: Mothers of ASD children are more prone to having an imbalanced life. Hence, there is a need for occupational therapists to work in partnership with mothers to support their occupational engagement and life satisfaction.

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Background/aims Communication problems are a core feature of autism spectrum disorder. These problems usually lead to challenges in social interactions. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of the Son-Rise Programme on improving social interaction and communication in children with autism spectrum disorder. Methods Thirty children with autism spectrum disorder (aged 4–6) were involved in this study. The children were assigned randomly to one two groups, either the 1-week intensive Son-Rise Programme or the control group. They were evaluated using the Gilliam Autism Rating Scale before and after the study. Results The participants in the group of the Son-Rise Programme showed a significant improvement in their social interaction skills compared to the control group (P=0.001). Conclusions The Son-Rise Programme could improve social interaction in children with autism spectrum disorder.

Introduction: According to the World Health Organization, the balanced usage of time contributes to the health and welfare of individuals. Caring for a child with cerebral palsy imposes an extra pressure on parents, especially mothers as the main caregiver. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the relationship between gross motor function ability of children with cerebral palsy and time use of their mothers. Method: Sixty mothers of children with cerebral palsy, sampled conveniently, participated in this cross-sectional study. Children aged between 6 and 11 years with a mean age of 9.04 years old (SD ¼ 2.8). The Farsi version of Mothers' Time Use Questionnaire and the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) were utilized to collect data. The Spearman correlation coefficient was calculated. Results: The results demonstrated that the allocated time for childcare (r s ¼ 0.44) and leisure (r s ¼ À0.37) activities in mothers have significant correlations with gross motor function abilities of their children (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Mothers who have children with higher scores according to the GMFCS, had to invest more time to meet needs of childcare activities. Consequently, they were not able to follow their interests and they felt an imbalanced use of time in their life.

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Background/aim: Occupational therapists use different models and measurements for assessing children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). One of those measurements is the Child Occupational Self-Assessment. In this study, concurrent validity of the Child Occupational Self-Assessment with Pediatric Quality of Life was tested in children with ADHD. Methods: A correlational study was conducted. The Child Occupational Self-Assessment and Pediatric Quality of Life were filled by 128 children with ADHD aged between 8 and 11 years. Findings: The results indicated that in competency subscale the highest correlation coefficient was for the total score of Pediatric Quality of Life ( r = 0.56, p < 0.01) and the lowest was for social performance ( r = −0.44, p < 0.01). The highest and lowest correlation coefficient in value subscale were for the total score ( r = −0.46, p < 0.01) and emotional performance of Pediatric Quality of Life ( r = −0.34, p < 0.01), respectively. Conclusions: The Child Occupational Self-Assessment has an acceptable concurrent validity with Pediatric Quality of Life. It can be a suitable measurement for assessing of children with ADHD.