OBJECTIVE:To investigate the anti-oxidative and anti-nephrotoxic effects of resveratrol in cisplatin induced nephrotoxic albino Wistar rats. METHODS:This quasi-experimental study was performed at Isra University, Hyderabad, Pakistan. Thirty male albino Wistar rats were divided into three g r o u p s : g r o u p -A ( c o n t r o l ) , g r o u p -B ( c i s p l a t i n ) a n d g r o u p -C (cisplatin+resveratrol). Biochemical [serum urea, creatinine and glutathione peroxidase (GPX)] and renal histomorphology was performed in all groups after 21 days of treatment. RESULTS:Difference in mean pre-and post-experimental body weight was observed in all three groups. Mean body weight decreased from 241.7±8.5 gm to 196.50±9.34 gm and from 237±7.4 gm to 207.2±6.56 gm in group-B and group-C respectively. In group-A; mean serum urea was 22.7±2.66 mg/dl, serum creatinine was 0.45±0.05 mg/dl and serum GPX was 1.44±0.13 ηg/ml. In group-B; mean serum urea level was 51±3.65 mg/dl, mean serum creatinine was 0.78±0.05 mg/dl and serum GPX was 0.85±0.11 ηg/ml. In group-C, mean serum urea level was 32.8±1.45 mg/dl, serum creatinine level was 0.41±0.09 mg/dl and serum GPX was 1.53±0.08 ηg/ml. In group-A, renal structure was intact, marked changes were observed in renal histology of group-B while group-C displayed less glomerular damage. The mean distance between visceral and parietal layers of Bowman's capsule was 69.34±0.87 µm in group-A, 216.5±1.32 µm in group-B while 102.22±1.65 µm in group-C. Areas of peritubular fibrosis and congestion were observed in groups B and C but less prominent in group-C compared with group-B. CONCLUSION:Resveratrol therapy is a potent anti-nephrotoxic regime showing promising results in chemotherapy induced nephrotoxicity and oxidative stress.
Diabetes mellitus is chronic condition with defect in regulation of insulin. Microalbuminuria is one of the early appearing markers of overt diabetic nephropathy. Uncontrolled glycemic status has been postulated to be associated with increase urinary albumin levels. Objectives: To find out the association of increased urinary albumin with poor glyemic status of patients with diabetes mellitus type II. Study Design: Cross Sectional study. Setting: Department of Pathology, Indus Medical College Hospital Tando Muhammad Khan. Period: November 2018 to June 2019. Material & Methods: Patients were divided into two groups: Group I (Poor glycemic control, HbA1c >7%) and Group II (Good glycemic control, HbA1c <7%). Glycated hemoglobin and microalbuminuria were evaluated in all patients. Data was analyzed using SPSS 21.0. P – value of <0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: Total of 213 patients were included in the study with male ratio (56.8%) slightly higher than females (43.19%). Mean age of patients was 42.3 ± 2.1 years. Mean glycated hemoglobin in Group I and II was 8.12 ± 0.97% and 5.98 ± 0.41% respectively. In Group I, 57.54% patients were detected with microalbuminuria as compared to Group II (12.26%). P value was statistically significant (<0.001). Conclusion: Microalbuminuria was found more frequently in patients with poor glycemic control. Early detection of urinary microalbumin in these patients may decrease the risk of kidney damage and appropriate and adequate management in initial stage.
Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a multi-factorial disease having widespread effect on various functions of body. Electrolyte imbalance is a major problem presenting in diabetic patients due to direct effect of hyperglycemia on these electrolytes.
Background: Pregnancy-induced hypertension is a leading cause of deleterious changes in the placenta resulting in decreased blood supply towards the placenta. The objective of the current study was to analyze the histo-morphometric variations in the placenta of women with or without known pregnancy-induced hypertension. Methods: Cross-sectional study was carried out in the Gynecology and obstetrics section of Nazeer Hussain Medical Complex, Hyderabad in collaboration with Isra University, Hyderabad from March 2019 to August 2019. A total of 100 placentae were selected and divided into two groups (control and study groups) based on the presence or absence of hypertension in pregnancy. The observations of the control group placenta were compared with the study group placentas. All placentae were observed for morphometric and histological changes. SPSS ver. 22 was used to analyze the collected data. Results: There was an increase in the mean weight of placentae among the control group as compared to the group having known hypertension cases and the difference was statistically significant (p-value <0.05). The fetoplacental weight ratio was increased among the hypertension group when compared to the statistically insignificant control group (p-value <0.05). Various gross (infarction, calcification) and histological changes (hyalinised villi, intervillous hemorrhage, decreased villous vascularity) were observed in the placentae of the hypertensive group as compared to the normal group. Conclusion: The findings of the study concluded that Preeclampsia/PIH poses harmful and serious histo-morphometric variations in the placental tissues that affect fetal outcome.
OBJECTIVE:To evaluate anti-hyperglycemic and anti-oxidative effects of Lcarnitine in alloxan induced diabetic albino wistar rats. METHODS:This quasi-experimental study was conducted at Isra University, Hyderabad from June 2017 to August 2017. Thirty-six albino wistar male rats were equally divided into 3 groups (n=12/group); group A (control), group B (alloxan 150mg/kg intraperitoneally) and group C (alloxan 150mg/kg intraperitoneally + L-carnitine 500mg/kg orally for 21 days). Diabetes was induced in group B and C by single intraperitoneal dose of alloxan 150mg/kg body weight and rats having blood glucose >200mg/dl were labeled as diabetic rats and included in study. Biochemical (blood glucose, serum insulin and glutathione peroxidase) and histopathological analysis of pancreas was performed in all three experimental groups. RESULTS:Post-experimental body weight in groups A, B and C were noted as 249.58±6.63, 199.08±12.18, 210.58±5.14 grams respectively. The fasting blood glucose in groups A, B and C were noted as 104.58±7.05, 221.25±8.22, 110.17±12.85 mg/dl respectively (P<0.001). Serum insulin in groups A, B and C was noted as 1.45±0.083, 0.31±0.16, 1.74±0.23 ηg/ml respectively (P<0.001). Glutathione peroxidase levels in groups A, B and C were noted as 1.45±0.17, 0.93±0.11, 1.74±0.17 ηg/ml respectively (P<0.001). Histopathology of pancreas showed reduction in size (mean islet diameter 157±1.5 µm) and number of islets of Langerhans in diabetic rats, while Lcarnitine treated rats have shown compensatory increase in size of islets of Langerhans (mean islet diameter 210±6.3 µm). CONCLUSION: L-carnitine therapy is a potent anti-hyperglycemic and antioxidative regimen capable of reducing blood glucose and increasing plasma antioxidant levels.
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