Beluntas dan Meniran merupakan tanaman obat tradisional yang mengandung senyawa alkaloid, flavonoid, tannin, saponin, dan triterpenoid. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui adanya aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak etanolik daun Beluntas dan Meniran terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus aureus.Metode ekstraksi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini maserasi dengan etanol 96%. Isolasi dan identifikasi bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dengan media VJA (Vogel Johnson Agar), pengecatan gram, uji katalase, dan uji katalase. Pengujian aktivitas antibakteri menggunakan metode difusi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanolik daun Beluntas dan Meniran memiliki aktivitas antibakteri terhadap Staphylococcus aureus. Ekstrak etanolik daun Beluntas dan Meniran pada perbandingan 1 : 0, 2 : 1, 1 : 1, 1 : 2, dan 0 : 1 dengan konsentrasi 50% terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dari rumah sakit adalah 10,67 mm, 13 mm, 17 mm, 17 mm, dan 20 mm. Ekstrak etanolik daunBeluntas dan Meniran pada perbandingan 1 : 0, 2 : 1, 1 : 1, 1 : 2, dan 0 : 1terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus aureus kultur laboratorium adalah 11 mm, 13,67 mm, 14 mm, 16,67 mm, dan 18 mm. Ekstrak etanolik daun Beluntas dan Meniran dengan perbandingan 0 : 1 merupakan ekstrak yang memiliki zona hambat paling luas terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dari rumah sakit dan kultur laboratorium. Kata kunci: Antibakteri, Ekstrak etanolik daun Beluntas dan Meniran, Staphylococcus aureus

Indonesia has a wide range of rice cultivars and pigments. This rice can be used as a source of phytochemical compounds for cancer prevention. This research aims to analyze the cytotoxic activities of the ethanolic extract of black rice bran of 4 local cultivars i.e. 'Cempo Ireng', 'Woja Laka', 'Toraja' and 'IR64' (white rice) on cancer cells and to determine the compounds groups of those extracts. First step, rice bran was extracted with ethanol. This extract was applied to Raji (a human Burkitt Lymphoma cancer), HepG2 (a human liver cancer), and Vero (a nonhuman cell line) cells in order to measure the cytotoxic activities by using MTT assay. To determine descriptively the compounds groups of phenolics, flavonoids, terpenoids, steroids, and alkaloids the thin layer chromatography method was performed. The IC 50 value was analyzed quantitatively by using probit analysis. Results showed that the IC 50 values of ethanolic extract of rice bran 'Woja Laka', 'Toraja', 'Cempo Ireng' and 'IR 64' on HepG2 cells were 857.23±99.19; 1,896.55±83,8; 1,494.47±87.81 and 727.89±145,97 µg/ml respectively. The IC 50 on Raji cells were 816.61±85.31; 1,079.93±28.31; 1,627.82; ±119.82, and 769.33±61.43 µg/ml respectively. The IC 50 on Vero cells were 1,295.2±37; 1,232.07±165.51; 1,874.14±169.56, and 724.4±122.79 µg/ml respectively. The ethanolic extracts of rice bran from four cultivars contain phenolics, flavonoids, terpenoids, and steroids. However, alkaloids could not be detected. The variety of rice cultivars indicates the variation of cytotoxic activities on cancer cells. The ethanolic extracts of rice bran from those four rice cultivars contain similar kinds of organic compounds groups but vary in the Rf values.

Abstrak Latar Belakang: Penyakit infeksi merupakan salah satu penyakit yang menjadi masalah serius di negara berkembang khususnya di Indonesia. Bakteri yang sering menimbulkan penyakit infeksi adalah bakteri Shigella dysentriae dan Staphylococcus aureus. Metode: Serbuk umbi Mentimun Papasan (Coccinia grandis L.Voight) dilakukan ekstraksi dengan metode maserasi. Pelarut yang dipakai adalah etanol 96%. Identifikasi golongan senyawa dilakukan dengan menggunakan pereaksi kimia. Uji aktivitas antibakteri dilakukan dengan metode difusi sumuran. Hasil: Hasil identifikasi golongan senyawa menunjukkan adanya golongan senyawa flavonoid, tanin, saponin, alkaloid dan polifenol. Hasil uji antibakteri ekstrak umbi Mentimun Papasan kosentrasi 1 gr/ml, 2 gr/ml, 3 gr/ml dan 4 gr/ml terhadap bakteri Shigella dysentriae berturut-turut: 18mm, 19,66 mm, 21,23 mm dan 23,33 mm. Hasil uji antibakteri ekstrak umbi Mentimun Papasan kosentrasi 1 gr/ml, 2 gr/ml, 3 gr/ml dan 4 gr/ml terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus aureus berturut-turut: 18,67 mm, 20,67 mm, 23,33 mm dan 27 mm. Kesimpulan: Ekstrak etanolik umbi Mentimun Papasan dapat menghambat bakteri  Shigella dysentriae dan Staphylococcus aureus.

Infeksi luka operasi merupakan bagian dari infeksi nosokomial. Salah satu bakteri penyebab tertinggi infeksi luka operasi adalah Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui adanya Pseudomonas aeruginosa pada sampel pus infeksi luka operasi dari Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Dr. Moewardi dan untuk mengetahui pola sensitivitasnya terhadap beberapa antibiotik. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian analitik observasional dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Bakteri Pseudomonas aeruginosa yang telah diisolasi dari sampel pada media Pseudomonas Selective Agar lalu dilakukan pengecatan Gram dan uji biokimia, kemudian dilakukan uji sensitivitas terhadap beberapa antibiotik yaitu: siprofloksasin, seftriakson, meropenem, sefotaksim, gentamisin, dan tobramisin dengan metode difusi Kirby Bauer. Hasil diameter zona hambat pada uji sensitivitas dibandingkan dengan standar diameter zona hambat menurut Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari 45 sampel pus infeksi luka operasi di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Dr. Moewardi teridentifikasi 11 sampel positif Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Hasil uji sensitivitas menunjukkan bahwa Pseudomonas aeruginosa sensitif 100% terhadap meropenem. Hasil uji sensitivitas menunjukkan sensitif 90,90% terhadap siprofloksasin, tobramisin dan gentamisin. Hasil uji sensitivitas menunjukkan sensitif 63,63% pada seftriakson dan hasil uji sensitivitas menunjukkan sensitif 9,09% pada sefotaksim.

Salmonella sp are bacteria that often infect human and animal. This type of bacteria can cause Salmonellosis in human. Previous research has been carried out on secondary metabolites of plants as medicinal ingredients. One of the plants that has potential as a medicine is stone Akar Batu (Coccinia grandis L Voight). This study aims at examining the antibacterial activities of ethanolic extract of stone Akar Batu on Salmonella sp. The extraction method was carried out by maceration and the solvent used was ethanol 96%. Antibacterial activity was conducted using diffusion method. Identification of compound groups of extracts was done by reacting extracts with various chemical reagents. The results showed that stone of Akar Batu powder had a moisture content of 5.99% and a yield of 1.76%. The identification results of ethanolic extract of stone Akar Batu chemical group indicated that the extract contained flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins and tannins. The results of antibacterial activity test have revealed that ethanolic extract of stone Akar Batu can inhibit Salmonella sp.

Abstract. Prastiyanto ME, Rukmana RM, Saraswati DK, Darmawati S, Maharani ETW, Tursinawati Y. 2020. Anticancer potential of methanolic extracts from Pleurotus species on raji cells and antibacterial activity against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Biodiversitas 21: 5644-5649. The aim of this work is to identify the potential effects of methanolic extracts from four species of the Pleurotus genus cultivated in Indonesia on nasopharynx cancer (Raji cell line), and to investigate their antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). This study investigates four species members of Pleurotus (Pleurotus ostreatus, P. cystidiosus, P. flabellatus, and P. pulmonarius var. stechangii). Dry Samples were extracted with methanol to yield crude extracts. Cytotoxicity screening was conducted using MTT assay of dry extracts, while antibacterial activity was calculated based on the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) using Mueller–Hinton broth, via the microdilution method. Compounds were analyzed using thin-layer chromatography (TLC). P. flabellatus provided the highest yield of dry extract (20.8%) with the lowest value of IC50 (556.226 µg/mL) compared to the three other species investigated. Antibacterial activity was calculated as MIC and MBC values against MRSA by the P. flabellatus extract which reached 6.25 mg/mL and 250 mg/mL, respectively. The result of TLC of the dry extract of P. flabellatus revealed the presence of terpenoids. P. flabellatus has the potential to be developed as both an anti-cancer and an antibacterial agent, especially against Raji cells and MRSA strains. However, further in vivo research and discovery of the modes of action involved are still needed to shed light on these effects. Studies can provide new information about the benefits of Pleurotus as a source of natural anticancer and antibacterial compound.

Pola makan dari seseorang yang tidak seimbang dan tidak teratur dapat mengakibatkan terjadinya berbagai penyakit degeneratif. Makanan yang tinggi karbohidrat, lemak, dan protein akan meningkatkan kadar glukosa darah di dalam tubuh. Kadar glukosa darah yang meningkat akan memacu penyakit Diabetes Mellitus. Tujuan dari pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah untuk memberikan informasi dan pengetahun tentang pengaturan pola konsumsi makan yang sehat untuk lansia dan pengukuran kadar glukosa darah. Metode penyuluhan dilakukan dengan menggunakan oral presentation dan komunikasi secara langsung. Metode untuk mengetahui kadar glukosa darah dilakukan dengan menggunakan rapid test (menggunakan BS). Hasil menunjukkan bahwa pemberian penyuluhan pengaturan konsumsi makanan yang sehat memberikan dampak yang positif ditunjukkan dengan menurunnnya kadar glukosa darah pada masyarakat Posyandu Lansia di Rw 18 Perumnas Mojosongo, Surakarta, Jawa Tengah, sebelum penyuluhan dan setelah penyuluhan.

Background: Cancer is a leading cause of death in Indonesia and in the world. Cervical cancer is one of the most common cancers in women. One of the plants that has the potential to be developed as an alternative treatment for cancer is the papasan cucumber tuber (Coccinia grandis (L) Voight). This study aims to determine the activity of cytotoxic effects on Hela cancer cells and antiangiogenesis activity against Chorioallantoic membrane. Method: In this study, papasan cucumber tubers were extracted with 96% ethanol solvent. The ethanol extract was then continued with fractionation using the liquid-liquid partition method, followed by thin-layer chromatography used to determine of compounds contained in the papasan cucumber tubers. Cytotoxic activity tests were carried out using the MTT assay method and antiangiogenesis tests were carried out using CAM methods of chicken embryos induced with bFGF protein. Results: The results showed that the extract, n-hexane fraction, ethyl acetate fraction and water fraction had IC50 values 986,604 µg/ml, 208,776 µg/ml, 187,824 µg/ml and 553,393 µg/ml. The IC50 value of the n-hexane fraction was then continued with antiangiogenesis testing. The KLT analysis showed that the n-hexane fraction contained alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and terpenes. Antiangiogenesis test result show that the inhibitory at concentration of 104 µg / ml was 17,56%, at a concentration of 208 µg / ml 43,23% and at a concentration of 418 µg / ml 56,78%. Conclusion: n-hexane fraction and ethyl acetate fraction have moderate cytotoxic activity against Hela cancer cells and n-hexane fraction has antiangiogenesis activity. Key words: Coccnia grandis L. Voight, Cytotoxic, Antiangiogenesis, Hela, Chorioallantoic Membrane