ABSTRAK KLE (4,76±0,26 %b/b EQ) and phenolic total content in BLEA (6,4±0,15 %b/b EG).

Summary Germinated Australian sweet lupin (ASL) flour (after germination for 7 days) was incorporated into muffin formulation at 0%, 2%, 4%, 6% and 8% of dried muffin weight. The effect on the physical characteristics of muffins including height, diameter, colour and texture (hardness, cohesiveness, springiness and chewiness) was measured. The stability of phenolic, phytosterol compounds and the antiradical activity of the muffins before and after baking (190 °C, 25 min) were determined. The level of incorporation of germinated ASL flour affected the volume, colour, hardness and muffin texture. Muffins incorporated with germinated ASL flour at the levels used in this research exhibited higher concentrations of total phenolic compounds, phytosterol and antiradical activity than those in control muffins. The baking process did not significantly reduce the phenolic compounds, phytosterol and antiradical activity.

The chemical contents and health benefits of black rice bran of some rice cul vars have been inves gated. However, there has been li le research on the 'Cempo Ireng' cul var from Sleman, Yogyakarta. The aim of this present study was to determine the anthocyanin, an oxidant ac vity, and macro-and micronutrients contents of black rice bran from this local cul var. The anthocyanin in the black rice bran was extracted using the macera on method with methanol as a solvent. The extract obtained was separated through a prepara ve thin layer chromatography (TLC) of silica GF254 and a mobile phase composed of n-butanol, ace c acid, and water. Two frac ons were collected and analyzed for the anthocyanin content. The prepara ve TLC spots were separated for further detec on and measurement of cyanidin 3-O-glucoside using HPLC followed by LC-MS. The an oxidant ac vity of the frac ons were measured using the DPPH free radical scavenging method. The results showed that the anthocyanin in frac on 1 was iden fied as cyanidin 3-O-glucoside (66.1 ± 10.6 µg/g). The IC 50 of frac ons 1 and 2 were 200.96 and 218.36 µg/mL, respec vely. Analysis of the macro-and micronutrients revealed that the black rice bran of 'Cempo Ireng' had nutrient contents comparable with other rice cul vars. Therefore, this local black rice bran can be used as a source of an oxidants and macro-and micronutrients.

In addition to their favourable nutritional profile, legumes also contain a range of bioactive compounds such as phenolic compounds and phytosterols which may protect against chronic diseases including cancer and cardiovascular disease. Germination of some legume seeds has been previously reported to increase the concentration of the bioactive compounds. In this study, the effect of germination of Australian Sweet Lupin (ASL) seeds for 9 days on the concentration of some bioactive compounds and the radical scavenging activity in the resulting flour was determined. The concentration of total phenolic compounds in methanolic extracts of germinated ASL flour was determined using Folin Ciocalteu reagent and phytosterols in oil extracts were analyzed by gas-liquid chromatography. The methanolic and oil extracts were also used to determine radical scavenging activity toward 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl. In the methanolic extracts of germinated ASL flour, phenolic contents and the antioxidant activity were significantly increased following germination (700 and 1400 %, respectively). Analysis of the oil extracts of germinated ASL flour revealed that the concentration of phytosterols and the antioxidant activity were also increased significantly compared to ungerminated ASL flour (300 and 800 %, respectively). The relative proportion of phytosterols in germinated ASL flour was: β-sitosterol (60 %), stigmasterol (30 %) and campesterol (10 %). Germination increases the concentration of bioactive compounds and the radical scavenging activity in the germinated ASL flour.

Indonesia has a wide range of rice cultivars and pigments. This rice can be used as a source of phytochemical compounds for cancer prevention. This research aims to analyze the cytotoxic activities of the ethanolic extract of black rice bran of 4 local cultivars i.e. 'Cempo Ireng', 'Woja Laka', 'Toraja' and 'IR64' (white rice) on cancer cells and to determine the compounds groups of those extracts. First step, rice bran was extracted with ethanol. This extract was applied to Raji (a human Burkitt Lymphoma cancer), HepG2 (a human liver cancer), and Vero (a nonhuman cell line) cells in order to measure the cytotoxic activities by using MTT assay. To determine descriptively the compounds groups of phenolics, flavonoids, terpenoids, steroids, and alkaloids the thin layer chromatography method was performed. The IC 50 value was analyzed quantitatively by using probit analysis. Results showed that the IC 50 values of ethanolic extract of rice bran 'Woja Laka', 'Toraja', 'Cempo Ireng' and 'IR 64' on HepG2 cells were 857.23±99.19; 1,896.55±83,8; 1,494.47±87.81 and 727.89±145,97 µg/ml respectively. The IC 50 on Raji cells were 816.61±85.31; 1,079.93±28.31; 1,627.82; ±119.82, and 769.33±61.43 µg/ml respectively. The IC 50 on Vero cells were 1,295.2±37; 1,232.07±165.51; 1,874.14±169.56, and 724.4±122.79 µg/ml respectively. The ethanolic extracts of rice bran from four cultivars contain phenolics, flavonoids, terpenoids, and steroids. However, alkaloids could not be detected. The variety of rice cultivars indicates the variation of cytotoxic activities on cancer cells. The ethanolic extracts of rice bran from those four rice cultivars contain similar kinds of organic compounds groups but vary in the Rf values.

Building loyalty is no longer an option in the banking world. In recent years a trend has emerged, namely the tendency for customers to have more than one savings account at different banks. One of the ways to do this is by marketing service quality and marketing mix to customer satisfaction. The Bank's compliance with government policies to prevent the spread of COVID-19 is the Work From Home policy. Banking measures to optimize employee efforts to maintain the health of their closest people at home while providing maximum protection from the potential for contracting COVID-19 while interacting with the community while working or traveling to and from the office, namely adjustments to work systems. The role of marketing in banking is to build strong relationships sustainably by providing excellent service for the development of service quality such as Servqual, with Tangible, Responsiveness, Reliability, Assurance, and Empathy characteristics. New service quality that can be applied in the banking world in particular. The most important thing is Banking Service Quality (BSQ.) Like conventional bank service products, the bank's low rating. Testing using the PLS (Partial Least Square) analysis method. The results showed that customer satisfaction has a positive and significant effect on customer loyalty. Customer satisfaction affects the reliability, effectiveness, and assurance of the service portfolio, price, and access. Tangible must receive extra attention so that customer satisfaction can increase.

Australian Sweet Lupin (ASL) has a nutritional profile ideally suited for human consumption with high protein and fibre, but low starch and fat content. The nutritional and protein profile of germinated ASL may be better than ungerminated ASL and these improvements would provide further benefits in its use as an ingredient in food applications. In this study the nutritional components such as protein, crude fibre, fat and protein profile of germinated ASL flour following germination at 25℃ and 90% - 95% relative humidity for 9 days were determined. The changes in the pattern of ASL protein during germination were analysed using sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Germination significantly increased crude fibre contents by 450% (db), total protein contents by 38% (db) and decreased the fat content by 70% (db) at day 9 of germination. Electrophoretic analysis of the protein fractions revealed that during germination up to 9 days, some of the high molecular weight proteins disappeared. Germination represents a means to further improve the nutritional profile of the germinated ASL flour with an increased fibre and protein, but lower fat content

The adulteration practice in pharmaceutical industries, especially in fats and oils used as a vehicle in some pharmaceutical products must be identified to assure its quality. In this study, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) in combination with chemometrics techniques of multivariate calibration and discriminant analysis (DA) were used for the authentication of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) from rambutan seed fat (RSF). EVOO, RSF, and the mixture of EVOO-RSF were scanned using FTIR spectrophotometer at mid-infrared region (4000-650 cm-1 ). The results showed that normal FTIR spectra at wavenumbers region of 1446.8-1409.7 cm-1 and 2368.6-1769.9 cm-1 combined with principle component regression (PCR) offered the best quantitative model for prediction of RSF levels in EVOO. The coefficient of determination (R2 ) values obtained for the relationship between actual values of RSF and predicted values were of 0.9955 and 0.9915 in calibration and prediction models, respectively. The errors in calibration and prediction models were relatively low, accounting of 2.17% and 3.68%, respectively. The classification model between unadulterated or pure EVOO and adulterated EVOO with RSF was successfully carried out using DA at wavenumbers of 3100-1000 cm-1 without any samples mistakenly classified into the wrong group. FTIR spectroscopy in combination with chemometrics offered effective tools for authentication of EVOO against the adulteration practice.