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Driven by a plethora of external and internal influences, the construction industry has independently embraced lean principles and\ud green initiatives. Prima facie significant synergies have been reported between these two paradigms. It is foreseen that when tapped\ud and adopted in unison, these paradigms may yield additional benefits for the construction projects. This synergy is investigated in this\ud research. Further this study identifies and proposes Building Information Modelling (BIM) as an enabler for gaining lean and green project\ud outcomes. The study uses crisp set qualitative comparative analysis (csQCA) method for exploring the causal combinations of different\ud BIM capabilities and asserts that causal combinations of four BIM capabilities: MEP system modelling, energy and environment\ud analysis, constructability analysis and structural analysis, when implemented on construction projects can lead to lean and green outcomes.\ud With the help of sixteen cases it is shown that adoption of BIM leads to improved project outcomes especially ones targeting\ud lean and green aspects

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to describe the process through which an organization develops organizational capabilities by tapping the technical skills and social skills of its employees in the use of Building Information Modeling (BIM) to deliver lean and green project outcomes. The resulting framework for BIM-based organizational capabilities development comprising of three hierarchical layers – technology, process and outcomes – is explained. Design/methodology/approach For this study, BIM has been identified as an enabler and a process for achieving lean and green outcomes on construction projects. Based on a detailed literature review, this paper identifies the organizational capabilities needed by the architecture, engineering and construction organizations to effectively implement BIM on construction projects. The study has been conducted through a sequential mixed-method approach involving semi-structured interviews, focus groups and qualitative comparative analyses. Findings It was discovered that to attain desired project outcomes, an organization needs to embrace an underlying BIM adoption culture not only within its project teams but also within the organization as a whole. The study also concluded that an integrated approach to BIM usage – connecting it with lean and green initiatives – on construction projects resulted in improved project outcomes, especially ones targeting lean and green aspects of improvements. Practical implications The proposed outline for BIM-based organizational capabilities will help the organizations focus on the “human factors” along with the technical factors while striving for successful usage within their organizations. Originality/value Using the organizational capabilities matrix, this paper highlights the importance of technical and social skill sets of an individual employee and their role in developing the organizational capabilities to gain the desired lean and green outcomes.

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