Aims Heart failure (HF) is a complex clinical syndrome with multiple comorbidities. Cognitive impairment, stress, anxiety, depression, and lower quality of life are prevalent in HF. Herein, we explore the interplay between these parameters and study their value to predict major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) and health-related quality of life (HrQoL) in patients with HF with reduced ejection fraction using guideline recommended assessment tools. Methods and results We conducted a longitudinal study using a sample of 65 patients from two hospitals. A battery of tests was applied to assess cognition [Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA)], stress (Perceived Stress Scale-10), anxiety, and depression (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale) at baseline. MACEs were registered using clinical records. HrQoL was estimated using the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ). A descriptive statistical analysis was conducted, and multiple linear and Cox regression models conducted to determine the predictive value of neurocognitive parameters and HrQoL in MACE. Both MoCA [hazard ratio = 0.906 (0.829-0.990); P = 0.029] and KCCQ scores were predictors of MACE, but not of overall mortality. Anxiety, depression, and stress scores did not predict MACE. However, anxiety (β = À0.326; P = 0.012) and depression levels (β = À0.309; P = 0.014) were independent predictors of the KCCQ score. Conclusions The MoCA score and HrQoL were predictors of MACE-free survival. Anxiety and depression were good predictors of HrQoL, but not of MACE-free survival.
In 1964, a group of scientists was using a microscope to study the cells of someone with a disease called Burkitt’s lymphoma. They saw small particles inside the cells and discovered they were viruses. This virus is now named Epstein-Barr virus, and it causes a disease called infectious mononucleosis, also known as the kissing disease. This is a tricky disease because it can have many symptoms that are also common to other diseases. Have you ever had a sore throat and fever? Maybe it was caused by Epstein-Barr virus! This virus mainly affects the cells of the lymphatic system, which defends the body from infections, so you can imagine why it is so interesting! Keep reading to learn more about this curious disease.
Accreditation processes for health care professions are designed to ensure that individuals and programs in these fields meet established standards of quality and effectiveness. The accelerating pace of globalization in the health care professions has increased the need for a shared understanding of the vocabulary of evaluation, assessment, and accreditation. The psychometric principles of valid and reliable assessment are commonly accepted, but the terminology is confusing. We believe that all stakeholders – evaluators, faculty, students but also the community – will benefit from a shared language and common set of definitions. We recognize that not all readers will agree with the definitions we propose, but we hope that this guide will help to ensure clarity, consistency, transparency, and fairness, and that it will promote through the stimulation of a debate greater collaboration across national and international boundaries.
This is a step-by-step description of the content of the pre-sessions which was focused on clarifying concepts, explaining the case-based learning sessions sequences.
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