Pala Banda (Myristica fragrans Houtt.) merupakan tanaman asli Kepulauan Maluku. Tujuan dari penelitian adalah untuk menguji teknik pengendalian hama dan penyakit terpadu pada pala Banda di Maluku. Lokasi penelitian di Desa Pulau Ay, Kecamatan Banda Naira, Kabupaten Maluku Tengah. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada tahun 2014-2015, dimulai dengan survei identifikasi hama dan penyakit utama tanaman pala. Penelitian pengendalian hama dan penyakit menggunakan Racangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) yang terdiri atas 6 perlakuan, yaitu (A) Sanitasi + furadan pestisida 3G), (B) Sanitasi + Beauveria bassiana, (C) Sanitasi + Arang tempurung + Pupuk tambahan (M2C), (D) Sanitasi + Arang tempurung + pupuk organik cair, (E) Sanitasi + Insektisida nabati Biotris dan (F) kebiasaan petani. Hasil identifikasi diketahui bahwa hama utama pada pertanaman pala di Maluku adalah penggerek batang (Batocera hercules) dan penyakit utamanya adalah kanker batang (Phytophthora palmivora). Akibat serangan hama dan penyakit maka produksi buah pala selama 5 tahun terakhir menurun dari dari 3000-5000 buah/pohon/tahun menjadi 457-2905 buah/pohon/tahun. Setelah dilakukan pengendalian hama dan penyakit secara terpadu maka produksi meningkat menjadi 1.850-3.000 buah/pohon/tahun. Paket pengendalian terbaik adalah perlakuan sanitasi + B. bassiana, diikuti dengan perlakuan sanitasi + arang tempurung + hormon, perlakuan sanitasi + arang tempurung + pupuk tambahan, dan perlakuan sanitasi + insektisida hayati biotris. Pengendalian hama dan penyakit pada tanaman pala yang paling menguntungkan adalah sanitasi + arang tempurung + pupuk organik cair. Oleh karena itu, perlakuan tersebut perlu diuji pada skala komersial sebelum direkomendasikan kepada petani.
Nutmeg (Myristica fragrans Houtt) is a native plant of Banda Island known as the Spice Islands. Nutmeg fruit consists of the pericarp or rind, the seed kernel inside (nutmeg), and the nutmeg is a red lacy (aryl) covering the kernel (mace). Nutmeg pericarp contributing 80-85% of the total weight of the nutmeg fruit but its use is still not getting enough attention and a lot of it is wasted as agricultural waste which can pollute the environment. This is because the economic value is considered to be lower than the seeds and mace of nutmeg. This article aims to review the potential and oppurtunity benefits of nutmeg meat waste (pericarp) for human health and its application in functional foods. The method used in this paper is a literature review. The results show that, the pericarp has been reported to contain bioactive compounds similar to those of nutmeg and mace oil which have pharmacological values. Phytochemical compounds are beneficial to human health as anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetes, anti-microbial agents, antixidants, anti-depressants, anti-convulsants, and anti-cancer agents. Based on the composition, the pericarp is potentially used as a functional food to increase added value and reduce environmental pollution. In addition, the abundance of materials, relatively low prices, and the importance of healthy food for the health of the human provide opportunities for the development of functional foods based on bioactive compounds.
Indonesia is among the largest cocoa producers in the world and it makes an important contribution to the nation’s economy. In Indonesia, the cocoa pod borer (CPB) outbreaks have caused a decline in cocoa yield and quality, impacting the livelihoods of cocoa farmers. Application of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) is promoted by the Indonesian government, in collaboration with various organizations. IPM is an approach that focuses on using a combination of biological, cultural, and chemical control methods to manage pests and reduce their impact on crops. The adoption of IPM practices in cocoa farming has shown promising results in Indonesia. Farmers have reported improved yields and quality of cocoa beans, reduced pesticide use, and improved environmental sustainability. In addition, the application of IPM has equipped farmers with knowledge and skills that can help them overcome other challenges in cocoa farming, such as a healthy environment.
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