Background Recently, differences in mortality rates of COVID-19 in different geographic areas have become an important subject of research because these different mortality rates appear to be associated with mutations that appeared in SARS-CoV-2. The part of the viral body called the spike protein plays a critical role in the viral attachment and entry of the virus into the host cell. Accordingly, we hypothesized that mutations in this area will affect viral infectivity. Methods A total of 193 sequences of spike SARS-CoV-2 were randomly retrieved from five different geographic areas and collection dates (from December 2019 until July 2020). Multiple sequence alignment for mutation and phylogenetic analyses was conducted using Bioedit, UniProt, and MEGA X. Results We found 169 total mutations with 37 different mutations across the included samples. The D614G is the first and most frequently established mutation in different regions including Europe, Asia, America, Africa and Australia with the number of mutations of 49, 33, 17, 16 and 4, respectively. Furthermore, we also found mutations in several important domains in this virus including NTD and CTR/RBD of S1 subunit and at S2 subunit area, namely the peptide fusion (FP), and both heptad repetition (HR1 and 2) domains that suggested this could influence virus binding and membrane-host cell membrane fusion. Conclusion In summary, we concluded that mutation had generated diversity of spike SARS-CoV-2 sequences worldwide and is still growing. This analysis may provide important evidence that should be considered in vaccine development in different geographic areas.
Background: There is a need for a type of physical activity that could address the challenging cycle of physical inactivity, impaired health-related fitness, and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) conditions. Yoga could be one type of exercise to overcome the barriers to adhere to regular physical activity. The current study aimed to systematically review the effect of yoga on health-related fitness, including cardiorespiratory fitness, muscle strength, body composition, balance, and flexibility, among patients with T2DM. Methods: We systematically searched four databases and two registries (Pubmed, Scopus, Cochrane, Embase, WHO-ITCRP, and Clinicaltrials.gov) in September 2021, following a registered protocol on PROSPERO (CRD42022276225). Study inclusion criteria were T2DM patients with or without complication, yoga intervention as a single component or as a complement compared to other kinds of exercise or an inactive control, health-related fitness, and a randomized, controlled trial or quasi-experimental with control group design. The ROBINS-I tool and ROB 2.0 tool were used to assess the risk of bias in the included studies. A vote-counting analysis and meta-analysis computed using random effects’ models were conducted. Results: A total of 10 records from 3 quasi-experimental and 7 randomized, controlled trials with 815 participants in total were included. The meta-analysis favored yoga groups compared to inactive controls in improving muscle strength by 3.42 (95% confidence interval 2.42 to 4.43), repetitions of chair stand test, and improving cardiorespiratory fitness by 6.6% (95% confidence interval 0.4 to 12.8) improvement of baseline forced vital capacity. The quality of evidence for both outcomes was low. Conclusion: Low-quality evidence favored yoga in improving health-related fitness, particularly muscle strength and cardiorespiratory fitness, among patients with T2DM. Funding: All authors in this systematic review received no specific grant from any funding agency in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.
Pendahuluan: Lansia yang memiliki permasalahan kesehatan dikatakan lebih mengalami kerentanan (frailty). Salah satu aspek yang menyebabkan lansia mengalami kerentanan adalah risiko jatuh yang tinggi. Tujuan: Mengetahui pengaruh latihan keseimbangan dan Ankle Strategy Exercise terhadap risiko jatuh lansia. Metode: Menggunakan analitik komparatif dengan desain penelitian one group pretest-posttest design Populasi pre lansia 50-60 tahun dan lansia >60 tahun, pengambilan sampel dengan teknik purposive sampling yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Pengumpulan data dengan instrumen Timed Up and Go Test (TUGT). Hasil: Menunjukkan bahwa nilai p=0.000 (p<0,05). Kesimpulan: Terdapat pengaruh pemberian latihan keseimbangan dan ASE terhadap risiko jatuh lansia.
Jumlah penduduk dengan usia lanjut terus mengalami peningkatan yang pesat khususnya di Indonesia. Penting untuk tetap menjaga kebugaran di usia tua dengan melakukan aktivitas fisik dan latihan karena aktivitas fisik merupakan salah satu faktor penting dalam meningkatkan kapasitas fisik dan kemampuan fungsional lansia. Oleh karena itu, Pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk berbagi pengetahuan dan transfer knowledge mengenai edukasi dan pelatihan aktivitas fisik serta Latihan yang tepat bagi lansia, keluarga lansia, serta kader di Posbindu Lansia Batara Hati Mulia, Kab. Gowa. Kegiatan ini dilaksanakan pada tanggal 7 November 2021 di Yayasan Batara Hati Mulia Kab. Gowa Sulawesi Selatan dengan jumlah peserta 22 orang lansia. Penyuluhan ini berjalan dengan lancer, semua peserta aktif dalam diskusi dan tanya jawab baik saat pemberian materi ataupun praktik. Hasil menyatakan bahwa pelatihan ini dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan lansia terkait pentingnya melakukan aktivitas fisik dan Latihan fisik yang rutin.
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