Hepatitis C virus infection in northern India is seen more commonly in men, the middle aged and people from rural background and low to middle socioeconomic status. The common possible risk factors are dental treatment and exposure to reused syringes and needles. Although the most common presentation is incidental detection, a large number of patients present with advanced liver disease.
Viral diseases continue to emerge and represent a serious issue to public health. Since viral transmission occurs through respiratory droplets, most patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) predominantly have respiratory tract involvement. The clinical spectrum of COVID-19 ranges from asymptomatic to symptomatic with mild, moderate, and severe degrees of illnesses. There are no specific clinical features that can yet reliably distinguish COVID-19 from other viral respiratory infections. Unexplained worsening of underlying chronic illnesses and comorbidities should raise the suspicion of COVID-19. Beyond the life-threatening pulmonary complications of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the widespread organ-specific manifestations of COVID-19 are increasingly being appreciated. Given that angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, the entry receptor for the SARS-CoV-2, is expressed in multiple extrapulmonary tissues and that all might contribute to these extrapulmonary manifestations of COVID-19, here we review the pulmonary and extrapulmonary presentations for patients with COVID-19.
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