With minimal invasiveness
and spatiotemporal therapeutic effects,
photodynamic therapy is one of the most elegant strategies for achieving
effective tumor therapy. Herein, a facile preparation and thermal
process-triggered release of water-soluble photosensitizer 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-hydroxyphenyl)porphyrin
(THPP) has been developed using a thermoresponsive polysaccharide,
hydroxypropyl cellulose. Current systems using hydroxypropyl cellulose
enable manipulation of the loading capacity of THPP into a polymer
matrix and the size of the complex by varying the temperature of the
solution in preparation. Furthermore, current systems have enabled
the release of THPP using a heating process, mimicking the surrounding
of mitochondria, and have resulted in THPP potency as a mitochondria-targeted
photodynamic therapy.
A dyad system comprising a lipid membraneincorporated fullerene derivative with an N,N-dimethylpyrrodinium group (C 60 -1) and a photoantenna molecule (DiD) did not exhibit the high photodynamic activity expected based on its singlet oxygen generation ability. Comparison with a fullerene derivative with an amide substituent (C 60 -2) suggested the cause to be that some of the fullerene derivative had been released from the liposomes, partly disrupting the dyad system. The dyad system of C 60 -2 and DiD exhibited about twice the photodynamic activity toward HeLa cells as that of C 60 -1 and DiD, due to the suppression of the release of the fullerene derivative from the liposomes. The hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity balance of the substituent in fullerene derivatives was shown to be very important to obtain a dyad system in liposomes characterized by high photodynamic activity.
Developing photoactivatable theranostic platforms with integrated functionalities of biocompatibility, targeting, imaging contrast, and therapy is a promising approach for cancer diagnosis and therapy. Here, we report a theranostic agent based on a hybrid nanoparticle comprising fullerene nanocrystals and gold nanoparticles (FGNPs) for photoacoustic imaging and photothermal therapy. Compared to gold nanoparticles and fullerene crystals, FGNPs exhibited stronger photoacoustic signals and photothermal heating characteristics by irradiating light with an optimal wavelength. Our studies demonstrated that FGNPs could kill cancer cells due to their photothermal heating characteristics in vitro. Moreover, FGNPs that are accumulated in tumor tissue via the enhanced permeation and retention effect can visualize tumor tissue due to their photoacoustic signal in tumor xenograft model mice. The theranostic agent with FGNPs shows promise for cancer therapy.
In this study we prepared aqueous solutions of lipid-membrane incorporated tetraarylporphyrins and tetrapyridylporphyrin (LMIPors) by the injection method using dimethyl sulfoxide. The porphyrins with proton-donor groups at the meso position afforded stable aqueous solutions of LMIPors. However, although tetrakis(carboxyphenyl)porphyrin was scarcely incorporated in lipid membranes, it was soluble in water. Among these LMIPors, the photodynamic activity of tetrakis(hydroxyphenyl)porphyrin was higher than that of tetrakis(aminophenyl)porphyrin. This was attributed to the selfaggregation of a part of tetrakis(aminophenyl)porphyrin in the liposomes, which induced self-quenching and the consequent decrease of its photodynamic activity.
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