Exposure of nanomaterials (NMs) to
biological medium results in
their direct interaction with biomolecules and the formation of a
dynamic biomolecular layer known as the biomolecular corona. Despite
numerous published data on nano-biointeractions, the role of protein
glycosylation in the formation, characteristics, and fate of such
nano-biocomplexes has been almost completely neglected, although most
serum proteins are glycosylated. This study aimed to systematically
investigate the differences in interaction of metallic NPs with glycosylated
vs nonglycosylated transferrin. To reach this aim, we compared interaction
mechanisms between differently sized, shaped, and surface-functionalized
silver NMs and gold NMs to commercially available human transferrin
(TRF), a glycosylated protein, and to its nonglycosylated recombinant
form (ngTRF). Bovine serum albumin (BSA) was also included in the
study for comparative purposes. Characterization of NMs was performed
using transmission electron microscopy and dynamic and electrophoretic
light scattering techniques. Fluorescence quenching and circular dichroism
methods were used to evaluate protein binding constants on the nanosurface
and conformational changes after the protein–NM interactions,
respectively. Competitive binding of TRF, ngTRF, and BSA to the surface
of different NMs was evaluated by separating them after extraction
from protein corona by gel electrophoresis following quantification
with a commercial protein assay. The results showed that the binding
strength between NMs and transferrin and the changes in the secondary
protein structure largely depend not only on NM physicochemical properties
but also on the protein glycosylation status. Data gained by this
study highlight the relevance of protein glycosylation for all future
design, development, and efficacy and safety assessment of NMs.
Exploitation of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in biomedicine represents more than one third of their overall applications. Despite their wide use, detailed toxicokinetic data and information on their action mechanisms in vivo are still scarce. One important obstacle is their fate and transformation patterns in biological environments where AgNPs get a “new face” after interaction with biomolecules, particularly proteins. The impact of protein corona on AgNP effects in vivo is eludicated. The in vivo effects of AgNPs prepared with two different protein coronas, albumin, and metallothionein, with polymer‐coated AgNPs are compared in male and female Wistar rats after intravenous administration. The results demonstrate that the character of the protein coronas on the AgNP surface affects not only distribution, but also oxidative stress response and genotoxicity in tissues of rat exposed to AgNPs. Additionally, sex‐related effects are observed. By emphasizing the importance of protein corona formation and sex‐related response, the obtained data support a reliable evidence base needed for assessing the health risks of the steadily increasing human exposure to AgNPs.
BACKGROUND: Extensive and growing use of different chemical pesticides that affect both the environment and human health raises a need for new and more suitable methods to deal with plant pathogens. Nanotechnology has enabled the use of materials at the nanoscale with exceptional functionality in different economic domains including agricultural production. This study aimed to evaluate antifungal potential of selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) stabilized with different surface coatings and characterized by different surface charge on plant pathogenic fungi Macrophomina phaseolina, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Diaporthe longicolla.RESULTS: AgNPs were coated with three different stabilizing agents: mono citrate (MC-AgNPs), cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB-AgNPs) and polyvinylpyrrolidon (PVP-AgNPs). SeNPs were coated with poly-L-lysine (PLL-SeNPs), polyacrylic acid (PAA-SeNPs), and polyvinylpyrrolidon (PVP-SeNPs). Seven different concentrations (0.1, 0.5, 1, 5, 10, 50 and 100 mg L −1 ) of nanoparticles were applied. All AgNPs and SeNPs significantly inhibited the growth of the tested fungi. Among the tested NPs, PVP-AgNPs showed the best inhibitory effect on the tested plant pathogenic fungi, especially against S. sclerotiorum. The similar inhibition of the sclerotia formation was observed for S. sclerotiorum treated with PLL-SeNPs.
CONCLUSION:Obtained results provides new insights on fungicide effect of AgNPs and SeNPs stabilized with different coating agents on different plant pathogens. Further work should focus on detailed risk/benefit ratio assessment of using SeNPs or AgNPs in agriculture taking into account whole agroecosystem.
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