Using natural prawn (Penaeus japonicus), a comparison study was conducted between super chilling (؊2˚C) and cool (5˚C) storage for the effectiveness of keeping fish meat fresh. Brightness of the tail color could be retained longer using super chilling storage compared to traditional refrigeration. In addition, a significant color difference in a values between the two methods was confirmed when a colorimeter was used. As a physical property of the meat, significant softening was observed after 2 days refrigeration. However, in super chilling storage, no softening was observed even after 3 days of storage. Light microscopy showed the lowering of intercellular connections in the softened meat. The rise in K-values was suppressed in super chilling storage. From these results, it can be expected that super chilling storage is able to maintain the color of prawns and the physical properties of the meat, and consequently offers potential as a new storage technique suitable for replacing refrigeration.
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the cytotoxicity of various hand disinfectants and ozonated water to human keratinocytes using a cultured epidermal model.
DESIGN
Using a test protocol from the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, investigators applied hand disinfectants containing either 83% ethanol, 0.2% benzalkonium chloride, 0.5% povidone-iodine, 1% chlorhexidine, 1% chlorhexidine ethanol, or ozonated water to a cultured human epidermal model. Surface morphology and histologic changes were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy and hematoxylin-eosin staining.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Production of inflammatory cytokine interleukin 1α by keratinocytes and cell death rate.
MAIN RESULTS
Electron microscopic analysis revealed the creation of small holes on the stratum corneum, and hematoxylin-eosin staining revealed perinuclear vacuolation of keratinocytes and cells with a condensed nucleus. Interleukin 1α was detected in the culture supernatants. More than 80% of keratinocytes did not survive after a 15-minute application of disinfectants. However, no significant damage was detected with ozonated water.
CONCLUSIONS
Ozonated water did far less damage to keratinocytes than the tested disinfectants. Although the ability of ozonated water to disinfect hands of medical staff members requires further study, it might serve as an alternative with minimum cytotoxicity.
BackgroundIt has been reported that some single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in lipid regulators such as apolipoproteins and cell surface molecules for hepatitis C virus (HCV) entry into hepatocytes are associated with HCV infection. However, it is unknown how HCV infection is affected by altered lipid metabolism resulting from the SNPs. We investigated the relationship between these SNPs and HCV infection status, and also analyzed the mechanism by which these SNPs mediate HCV infection via lipid metabolism alterations.MethodsSerum lipid and apolipoprotein profiles were tested in 158 HCV-positive and 220 HCV-negative subjects. We selected 22 SNPs in five lipid regulator genes which were related to HCV entry into hepatocytes and to lipid metabolism (APOA1, APOB, SR-B1, LDLR, and APOE), and their polymorphisms were analyzed using the PCR-sequence-specific oligonucleotide probe-Luminex method.ResultsAn APOB N4311S (g.41553a > g) SNP, rs1042034, was significantly associated with HCV positivity; the HCV positivity rate for the minor allele AA genotype was significantly higher than for genotype AG + GG (P = 0.016). Other SNPs except for APOB P2712L SNP rs676210, which is in linkage disequilibrium with rs1042034, showed no significant difference in genotype distribution. The serum level of low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) in the genotype AA group was significantly lower than in the genotype non-AA group (P = 0.032), whereas the triglyceride (TG) level was significantly higher (P = 0.007).ConclusionAn APOB SNP, rs1042034, is closely associated with HCV infection through lipid metabolism alteration. The minor allele AA genotype might contribute to facilitating serum LDL uptake into hepatocytes via LDLR by modifying their affinity and interaction and may have an influence on HCV infection by their entry to the liver through the LDLR.
The expression of the cellular protooncogene c-ski was examined in the rat uterus. In situ hybridization revealed that c-ski mRNA was expressed in the uterus of the adult rat on the day of estrous and localized mainly in the luminal and glandular epithelia. To test the possibility that the expression of c-ski mRNA is induced by estrogen, rats were ovariectomized and estradiol-17L L (E 2 ) was injected. The expression of c-ski mRNA was upregulated 3 h after E 2 treatment, reaching the highest level at 6 h and this persisted until 24 h; the E 2 -induced expression of c-ski mRNA was restricted to the luminal and glandular epithelia. These results suggest that the c-ski gene plays a role in uterine epithelial cell proliferation and mediates the proliferative action of E 2 .z 1999 Federation of European Biochemical Societies.
A novel immunosensor is presented based on a charge accumulation system using an electrode modified with a polymer containing [osmium(4,4′-dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine)2chloride]+/2+ and horseradish peroxidase (Os/HRP polymer) to detect N1,N12-diacetylspermine (DiAcSpm). Glucose oxidase (GOx)-labeled antibody captured with immunoreaction on Os/HRP polymer catalyzed the production of hydrogen peroxide, which oxidizes [Os(bpy)2Cl]+ in polymer with HRP. [Os(bpy)2Cl]2+ was gradually accumulated in the polymer and reduced back to [Os(bpy)2Cl]+ by applying −0.1 V. This accumulation system of redox species allows enhancement of the response.
A renal subcapsular hematoma rarely occurs without a history of trauma. It has been reported as a complication of urological interventions and also reported to occur spontaneously in patients with renal malignancies. However, there are no previous reports of renal subcapsular hematomas occurring in connection with abdominal angiography. We report here a case of a renal subcapsular hematoma that developed and was recognized during abdominal angiography for treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). An 80-year-old male was referred to our hospital for transarterial embolization for multiple HCCs. His past medical history included hypertension. His laboratory data showed slightly decreased number of platelets and hepaplastin test due to liver cirrhosis. When computed tomography angiography was performed, a 7-cm subcapsular hematoma developed and was recognized over the right kidney during the procedure. He was successfully managed supportively with blood transfusion, tranexamic acid and antibiotics. Since thrombocytopenia and hypertension are reportedly risk factors for hematoma formation, careful manipulation is required during angiography in HCC patients with liver cirrhosis and hypertension. It must be kept in mind that rare complications, such as a renal subcapsular hematoma, can happen during abdominal angiography for diagnostic and interventional treatment of HCC.
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