Endometrial expression of cellular protooncogene c‐<i>ski</i> and its regulation by estradiol‐17β

Yamanouchi, Keitaro; Soeta, Chie; Harada, Rie; Naito, Kunihiko; Tojo, Hideaki

doi:10.1016/s0014-5793(99)00424-x

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 22 publications

(33 reference statements)

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“…A thorough analysis of expression levels of c-Ski or c-SnoN in normal and cancerous breast tissue has not been reported, but the recent identification of their involvement in TGF-β signaling warrants closer investigation of this issue. Furthermore, a recent study suggested that c-Ski expression is upregulated in response to estrogen signaling in epithelial cells of the uterus [96], raising the possibility that c-Ski might also be involved in the interactions between estrogen and TGF-β in breast cancer.…”

Section: Altered Expression Of Tgf-beta/smad Inhibitory Moleculesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transforming growth factor-β and breast cancer: Transforming growth factor-β/SMAD signaling defects and cancer

Kretzschmar

2000

Breast Cancer Res

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Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is a tumor suppressor, the function of which is compromised in many types of human cancer, including breast cancer. The tumor suppressive effects of TGF-β are caused by potent inhibition of cell proliferation due to cell cycle arrest in the G1 phase. Such antiproliferative responses are mediated by a signaling system that includes two types of cell surface receptors and intracellular signal transducers, the SMAD proteins. Different molecular mechanisms can lead to loss of antiproliferative TGF-β responses in tumor cells, including mutations in components of the signaling system and inhibition of the SMAD signaling pathway by aberrant activities of various regulatory molecules. Some of these mechanisms will be discussed, with emphasis on their potential involvement in breast tumorigenesis. http://breast-cancer-research.com/content/2/2/107

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Section: Altered Expression Of Tgf-beta/smad Inhibitory Moleculesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transforming growth factor-β and breast cancer: Transforming growth factor-β/SMAD signaling defects and cancer

Kretzschmar

2000

Breast Cancer Res

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“…For example, Ski is expressed in proliferating myoblast [6] and uterine epithelial cells [7]. In the uterus, endometrial c-ski gene expression has been induced by estrogen treatment, which is known to induce proliferation of uterine epithelial cells [7], and progesterone treatment eliminated estrogeninduced c-ski expression [30].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, mice lacking c-ski show perinatal lethality due to defects in neurulation and craniofacial patterning as well as skeletal muscle development, and excessive apoptosis has been detected in c-skideficient mouse embryos [4,5], supporting the idea that Ski can act as an anti-apoptotic factor [6]. It has also been suggested that c-ski is involved in mediating the proliferative effect of 17β-estradiol in uterine epithelial cells [7]. Thus, c-ski gene product (Ski) has been implicated as having dual roles in both regulating proliferation and differentiation of cells.…”

mentioning

confidence: 90%

“…2, the granulosa cells of follicles exhibited both positive and negative staining for Ski regardless of the size of follicles. Since Ski has been implicated as playing roles in cell proliferation [4,6,7] and has been predicted to act as an anti-apoptotic factor [5], the above results showing a distinct Ski protein expression pattern in granulosa cells led us to examine the relationship (Fig. 3D-F).…”

Section: Localization Of Ski Protein In the Follicles Of Adult Femalementioning

confidence: 99%

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Expression of Ski in the Granulosa Cells of Atretic Follicles in the Rat Ovary

Kim

Yamanouchi

Nishihara

2006

Journal of Reproduction and Development

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Abstract. The aim of the present study was to locate Ski protein, a product of cellular protooncogene c-ski, in rat ovaries in order to predict the possible involvement of Ski in follicular development and atresia. First, expression of c-ski mRNA in the ovaries of adult female rats was confirmed by RT-PCR. Then, ovaries obtained on the day of estrus were subjected to immunohistochemical analysis for Ski and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in combination with terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling (TUNEL). Ski was expressed in granulosa cells that were positive for TUNEL, but negative for PCNA, regardless of the size of follicles. Expression of Ski in TUNEL-positive granulosa cells, but not in PCNA-positive granulosa cells, was also verified in immature hypophysectomized rats having a single generation of developing and atretic follicles by treatment with equine chorionic gonadotropin. These results indicate that Ski is profoundly expressed in the granulosa cells of atretic follicles, but not in growing follicles, and suggests that Ski plays a role in apoptosis of granulosa cells during follicular atresia.

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“…Partial fragments of double-stranded cDNA encoding the rat c-ski gene (561 bp) and myogenin (517 bp) were produced by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) as previously described (Wright et al 1989;Yamanouchi et al 1999). The primer sets used for PCR were as follows: for c-ski, forward primer 5Ј-ACC ATC TCG TGC TTC GTG GTG GGA-3Ј and reverse primer 5Ј-CTC CTT GCC CGT GTA ATC CTG GCT-3Ј; for myogenin, forward primer 5Ј-AGC TCC CTC AAC CAG GAG GA-3Ј and reverse primer 5Ј-GGG CTC TCT GGA CTC CAT CT-3Ј.…”

Section: Probes For Hybridizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Possible role for the c‐ski gene in the proliferation of myogenic cells in regenerating skeletal muscles of rats

Soeta¹,

Suzuki

Suzuki³

et al. 2001

Dev Growth Differ

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Skeletal muscle regeneration after injury involves various processes, such as infiltration by inflammatory cells, the proliferation of satellite cells and fusion to myotubes. The c-ski nuclear protein has been implicated in the control of cell proliferation and/or terminal differentiation in the growth of skeletal muscle. However, there have been no reports concerning the involution of c-ski in the regeneration of injured skeletal muscle in mammals. A possible role for c-ski in the proliferation of myogenic cells in rat skeletal muscle during regeneration has been investigated with the assistance of in vitro experiments with L6 skeletal muscle cells. The expression levels of c-ski mRNA in regenerating tissues increased to approximately threefold that of intact tissues at 2 days after injury and decreased to normal levels at 2 weeks after injury. Many mononuclear cells among the Ski-positive cells expressed desmin and proliferating cell nuclear antigen, indicating that Ski-producing cells include the proliferating myogenic cells. The proliferation of L6 cells was significantly retarded by expression of the antisense ski gene. The results of the present study reveal that the c-ski gene plays an important role in the proliferation of myogenic cells in the regeneration of injured skeletal muscle.

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Endometrial expression of cellular protooncogene c‐ski and its regulation by estradiol‐17β

Cited by 10 publications

References 22 publications

Transforming growth factor-β and breast cancer: Transforming growth factor-β/SMAD signaling defects and cancer

Transforming growth factor-β and breast cancer: Transforming growth factor-β/SMAD signaling defects and cancer

Expression of Ski in the Granulosa Cells of Atretic Follicles in the Rat Ovary

Possible role for the c‐ski gene in the proliferation of myogenic cells in regenerating skeletal muscles of rats

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