Biomass is a suitable alternative to be used as fuel, but the use of biomass without prior processing can cause respiratory disease. In Indragiri Hilir Regency, the utilization of palm fruit skin waste is still minimal. Bio-pellet is a fuel derived from biomass waste that has gone through a densification process. The process of making bio-pellets is carried out by refining the raw materials, mixing the adhesives, printing the raw materials that are pressed under high pressure, and drying. The results of the research on the bio-pellet characteristic test of Nipah fruit peel waste according to its parameters obtained an average value of 1.28% water content, 0.51% ash content, 21.3% flying substance content, 76.88% bound carbon content and weight. type 1.41 gr / cm3. For the combustion test in the updraft type gasification furnace with the addition of 0.5kg, 0.3kg and 0.2kg of fuel, the results obtained from the rate of fuel consumption are 0.041kg / minute, 0.033kg / minute and 0.033kg respectively. /minute. In the results of combustion efficiency, the value according to SNI 7926: 2013 is the addition of 0.5kg of fuel at the beginning of ignition and 0.2 kg at the end of ignition, which is 0.04.
The purpose of study is to investigate friction welding of series of mild steel by using Finite element analysis by a 3D model made in order having a proper rotational speed and time friction. This Numerical analysis divided into two categories that is structural analysis, and thermal analysis. Structural analysis process parameters can also have divided 4 kinds that are frictional time, frictional pressure, deformation and rotational speed. The thermal analysis process parameters are dealing with and counted as heat flux, and temperature. Friction welding with three different rotational speeds (2000 RPM, 2500 RPM, and 3000 RPM) & three different friction time (150 s, 200 s, and 250 s) This study used SOLIDWORKS 2016 and ANSYS 17.2. SOLIDWORKS 2016 is the software used for designing work pieces’ geometry while ANSYS 17 is the software is used to analyzed finite element analysis on the work pieces. The second purpose of study is the numerical analysis would be compared with the experimental analysis. The experimental analysis is taken place at friction welding machine in the laboratory of technology production of the University of Riau. Based on the numerical analysis we can summarized that the faster the shaft rotates would resulting the higher the temperature generated, the higher the heat flux generated, & the higher the reduced of length. Also the influence of friction time shown that the longer the time of friction would result the lower the temperature generated, the lower the heat flux generated, the lower the reduced of length value. By compared the numerical and experimental analysis we can conclude that the difference reduced of length data between simulation and experimental happened because on simulation only input the friction pressure, while on experiment friction and forging pressure happened simultaneously. By interpolating the result with the melting point of mild steel (1350 °C ) we can gather the minimum requirement for getting a uniform weld temperature for each friction time, that were; 2650 rpm for 150 s friction time, 2852 rpm for 200 s friction time, & 3034 rpm for 250 s friction time.
The need for energy is fundamental to drive the economy and social from the community. Clean, renewable, and sustainable energy is the one desired by the community today. Solar Updraft Power Generator (SUPG) is one power generation system that utilizes heat from solar radiation to produce artificial wind that will drive the wind turbine. This study consists of numerical and experimental analysis. The numerical analysis uses ANSYS 17.2 and SOLIDWORKS 2016. SOLIDWORKS 2016 is the software used in designing SUPG geometry. ANSYS 17 is the software used to analyse SUPG velocity and temperature contour. Then the numerical analysis would be compared with the experimental analysis. The study took place on a SUPG the laboratory conversion energy of the Muhammadiyah University of Riau. From the numerical analysis we can conclude that the higher ΔT ground-ambient would resulting a higher air velocity. Compared numerical to experimental analysis showed a difference. For numerical analysis from ΔT ground-ambient 5°C resulting maximum velocity 1.6 m/s, while for experimental analysis from average ΔT ground-ambient 3.6°C resulting maximum velocity 4.1 m/s. This happened because there still much external force (such as wind) that increase the velocity that generated inside the Solar Updraft Power Generator beside the buoyance force.
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