IMPORTANCE Physicians in training are at high risk for depression. However, the estimated prevalence of this disorder varies substantially between studies. OBJECTIVE To provide a summary estimate of depression or depressive symptom prevalence among resident physicians. DATA SOURCES AND STUDY SELECTION Systematic search of EMBASE, ERIC, MEDLINE, and PsycINFO for studies with information on the prevalence of depression or depressive symptoms among resident physicians published between January 1963 and September 2015. Studies were eligible for inclusion if they were published in the peer-reviewed literature and used a validated method to assess for depression or depressive symptoms. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS Information on study characteristics and depression or depressive symptom prevalence was extracted independently by 2 trained investigators. Estimates were pooled using random-effects meta-analysis. Differences by study-level characteristics were estimated using meta-regression. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Point or period prevalence of depression or depressive symptoms as assessed by structured interview or validated questionnaire. RESULTS Data were extracted from 31 cross-sectional studies (9447 individuals) and 23 longitudinal studies (8113 individuals). Three studies used clinical interviews and 51 used self-report instruments. The overall pooled prevalence of depression or depressive symptoms was 28.8% (4969/17 560 individuals, 95% CI, 25.3%-32.5%), with high between-study heterogeneity (Q = 1247, τ2 = 0.39, I2 = 95.8%, P < .001). Prevalence estimates ranged from 20.9% for the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire with a cutoff of 10 or more (741/3577 individuals, 95% CI, 17.5%-24.7%, Q = 14.4, τ2 = 0.04, I2 = 79.2%) to 43.2% for the 2-item PRIME-MD (1349/2891 individuals, 95% CI, 37.6%-49.0%, Q = 45.6, τ2 = 0.09, I2 = 84.6%). There was an increased prevalence with increasing calendar year (slope = 0.5% increase per year, adjusted for assessment modality; 95% CI, 0.03%-0.9%, P = .04). In a secondary analysis of 7 longitudinal studies, the median absolute increase in depressive symptoms with the onset of residency training was 15.8% (range, 0.3%-26.3%; relative risk, 4.5). No statistically significant differences were observed between cross-sectional vs longitudinal studies, studies of only interns vs only upper-level residents, or studies of nonsurgical vs both nonsurgical and surgical residents. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this systematic review, the summary estimate of the prevalence of depression or depressive symptoms among resident physicians was 28.8%, ranging from 20.9% to 43.2% depending on the instrument used, and increased with calendar year. Further research is needed to identify effective strategies for preventing and treating depression among physicians in training.

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A correlation exists between decision-making process and physiological as well as psychosocial conditions of air traffic controllers (ATC) and emergency response center operators. The erroneous decisions made by them may lead to accidents that can put human life at risk. A SmartChair system with Internet-of-Things (IoT) based health telemetry is proposed in this paper as a solution to minimize the effects of physiological and psychosocial factors on decision-making process. The given architecture integrates a security system for workers identification and other modules for monitoring their physiological and psychosocial attributes. The first prototype of SmartChair system is implemented and tested. The generated results and observations indicate that the SmartChair system is a feasible and efficient tool for continuous health telemetry.

This investigation aims to scrutinize prevalence of Post-Traumatic Stress (PTSD) symptoms in recovered patients of COVID-19. The study implemented a quantitative approach through circulation of an online google survey with nonprobability purposive convenient sampling strategy. The chosen assessment measure of PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5) was administered on 200 participants on 07th day of recovery during period of observation. In addition, Regression statistical analysis was performed for data analysis and results indicated a moderate prevalence of PSTD symptoms in females as compared to Male. Overall proneness towards PTSD is calculated as 45.6% among the respondents (R-square = 0.456). Thorough consideration of ethical parameters is enforced by several procedures comprising informed consent, right to withdraw, disposal of data, and confidentiality. The current study would act as a basis for future researches to reduce the prevalence of psychological issues that patients face during this period of pandemic and would help in catering suitable interventions for the patients.