There is no auxiliary selection rule. 'Have' is identical to 'be' but for the incorporation of an abstract preposition (cf. Freeze (1992)). The alternation is to be understood largely in terms of properties of the participial clause complement -whether it is full or reduced, whether AGR-S raises or not, whether Spec,AGR-0 is moved through or not, how many arguments the V has that need to be Case-licensed. Primarily Romance languages are considered, including a number not traditionally taken into consideration.
In a number of cases (involving, e.g., negation, only, reverse scope of some and every, ACD) where covert (LF) phrasal movement has been postulated, it is possible and advantageous to dispense with covert movement (including feature raising) and replace it with a combination of overt movements of phonetically realized phrases.The strongest interpretation of this conclusion is that the cases explicitly considered are typical. UG leaves no choice: Scope must be expressed hierarchically, there are no covert LF phrasal movements permitted by UG, and neither can the effect of covert phrasal movement be achieved by feature raising. Scope reflects the interaction of merger and overt movement.
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