We studied 36 glioblastoma cases at HC-UNICAMP from 2008 to 2012 and classified the immunohistochemical distribution of the wild-type epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), mutated forms of p53 protein and isocitrate dehydrogenase-1 (IDH-1) and murine double protein 2 (MDM2). Immunostaining findings were correlated with clinical data and response to treatment (surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy). About 97% of the tumors were primary, most of them localized in the frontal lobe. Mean time free of clinical or symptomatic disease and free time of radiological disease were 7.56 and 7.14 months, respectively. We observed a significant positive correlation between expressions of p53 and MDM2, EGFR and MDM2. Clinical, radiological and overall survivals also showed a significant positive correlation. p53 staining and clinical survival showed a significant negative correlation. The current series provides clinical and histopathological data that contribute to knowledge on glioblastoma in Brazilians.
Paulo. Muitas vezes não compreendi suas valiosas lições, em outras ignorei com raiva. Todas, através de seus sizudos e centenários tijolos, e frios corredores góticos, carregaram-me na dolorosa transformação do menino ao médico. Agradeço ao meu pai por ter me proporcionado esta experiência ao mesmo tempo aterradora e maravilhosa. Ao meu inesquecível avô, companheiro, primeiro amigo e ex-combatente da Segunda Guerra Mundial pelas Forças Aliadas, Murdoch Malcolm Angus Blair Montgomery (in memoriam). Sem o sacrifício de pessoas valentes como você, talvez nosso mundo fosse muito diferente. Você está comigo em todos os meus passos pois penso em você todos os dias.
Introduction: Stroke is one of the most important diseases worldwide. Several clinical scenarios demand full dose of anticoagulants primary to stroke etiology or to the treatment of comorbidity. However, controversy exists over many issues regarding anticoagulation treatment in stroke such as time for initiation, efficacy according to stroke etiology, the ideal dose of anticoagulants, and whether novel anticoagulants should be used. Method: Computerized search for clinical trials and randomized controlled clinical trials was done to the present date at Medline, Scielo, Embase, PsychInfo, and Cochrane Library using MeSH terms and the keywords stroke, ischemic stroke, anticoagulation, anticoagulants, heparin, low-molecular-weight heparin, warfarin, dabigatran, rivaroxaban, apixaban. The PRISMA statement was used to evaluate clinical trials. Results: Fourteen clinical trials were selected based on inclusion criteria. No evidence was found supporting the early use of heparin, heparinoids or low--molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) early after stroke. No consistent evidence for the use of warfarin and the newer oral anticoagulants were found. Argatroban was the only anticoagulant with significant positive results early after large-artery ischemic stroke.
Conclusion:The ideal time for initiating anticoagulation remains undefined, requiring further investigation. Early anticoagulation for ischemic stroke is not recommended, with few exceptions, such as that of argatroban.
How to citeComplete issue More information about this article Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Scientific Information System Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.