Feedback did not have an influence on test ordering by general practitioners in this study. More intensive strategies may be required to change the use of laboratory tests.

This study assessed the effects of group induction procedures that are practical in their administration (written format) and also individualized. Fifty‐ four females and 36 males were assigned randomly to one of three conditions. Conditions One and Two consisted of subjects being asked to think of the two saddest or two happiest events of their lives, respectively. Condition Three consisted of a control condition in which subjects were asked to read a geography article. The procedure produced marked decreases in depression (p <.001) and anxiety (p =.001) as mood states in Condition One (happy events) and marked increases in depression (p <.001) and anxiety (p <.001) in Condition Two (sad events). These procedures are particularly suitable for mood induction in a group setting.

Kohlberg's theory of moral development regards justice concerns as developmentally more advanced than interpersonal considerations. Men tend to score as more morally developed than women on existing measures. Gilligan suggested that this is because women rely more on "care" considerations in moral dilemmas, whereas men rely more on "justice" issues. Snarey noted similar bias in the cross-cultural realm. The authors studied moral judgment in Mexican American (n = 40) and Anglo-American (n = 40) college students. On the care measure, as expected, females scored higher than males (p < .05), and Mexican Americans scored higher than Anglo-Americans (p < .01) Contrary to expectation, no differences were obtained on the justice measure. The role of socialization in moral development is discussed.For more than three decades, Kohlberg's theory of moral development has been the most salient and researched (e.g., Kohlberg, 1976Kohlberg, , 1981Kohlberg, , 1985Kohlberg & Kramer, 1969). The theory incorporates a number of assumptions; one assumption is that as development progresses, interpersonal considerations are subordinated to abstract justice considerations in moral reasoning. Furthermore, Kohlberg's theory of moral development is posited as universal, applicable to men, women, and people of all cultures.

This study investigated if dream content differences exist between male and female dreamers in England. One most recent dream report was collected from each of the 100 male and 100 female research participants during dream seminars and a dream research project held in England between 1990 and 2004. The Hall-Van de Castle System of Content Analysis (1966) was used to score each dream report. Major findings showed that English males scored significantly higher on the Aggression/Friendliness index compared to English females. By contrast, English females reported a significantly higher Physical Aggression index compared to males. Females also reported a much higher Bodily Misfortunes percentage compared to males. Although some findings were similar to past studies using American participants, others were unique to this study and may be attributable to the particular sample used in this study (dream seminar attendees), or may suggest actual underlying cultural patterns of contemporary English men and women.

This study examined the effects of written, cognitive pretraining on the development of cohesion and self‐disclosure in interpersonal learning groups. Subjects in the experimental condition received a written introduction to the group experience, and subjects in the control condition received written information on the history of group psychotherapy. Results demonstrated that the experimental groups had a higher level of group cohesion than the control groups, p < 0.0001, but were not different on self‐disclosure. The correlation between cohesion and self‐disclosure was not statistically significant. The results were discussed as an extension of the empirical support for cognitive pretraining.