Crescimento, teor e composição do óleo essencial de melissa cultivada sob malhas fotoconversoras

Yield and composition of essential oil of lemongrass in different drying and fragmentation conditionsIn this study the drying and fragmentation conditions of lemongrass leaves were determined, to increase the essential oil yield. Four replications of six treatments were studied with 2 drying methodologies (oven-drying at 40ºC and room temperature using moisture dryer) and 3 fragmentation sizes (powder obtained in mill, 1 cm and 20 cm fragments). The essential oil was extracted in Clevenger's modified apparatus during 2 hours. The higher essential oil yield and citral content was obtained with the leaves dried under room temperature using moisture dryer, with no significant differences in the fragmentation sizes.

No abstract

RESUMO:Origanum vulgare L., conhecida como orégano, é considerada planta condimentar largamente usada na culinária. No Brasil poucas são as pesquisas com esta espécie visando maximização das técnicas de cultivo. Objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos de diferentes doses dos adubos orgânicos bovino e aves no crescimento de plantas, teor de clorofila, teor, rendimento e qualidade do óleo essencial de orégano cultivado sob estufa. Foram conduzidos dois ensaios, sendo um com esterco bovino e o outro com esterco de aves (Poedeira). Plantas de orégano (Origanum vulgare L.) foram cultivadas em vasos de 10 L submetidas aos seguintes tratamentos: Ensaio I: Esterco bovino: 1) Solo sem adubação (controle); 2) solo + 3,0 kg m -2 de esterco bovino; 3) solo + 6,0 kg m -2 de esterco bovino; 4) solo + 9,0 kg m -2 de esterco bovino; 5) solo + 12,0 kg m -2 de esterco bovino; Ensaio II -Esterco de aves: 1) solo sem adubação (Controle); 2) solo + 1,5 kg m -2 de esterco de galinha; 3) solo + 3,0 kg m -2 de esterco de galinha; 4) solo + 4,5 kg m -2 de esterco de galinha e 5) solo + 6,0 kg m -2 de esterco de galinha. Ambos os ensaios foram conduzidos em delineamento blocos ao acaso com 4 repetições e a parcela experimental composta de 4 vasos. Foi observado que as doses de adubos bovino e avícola influenciaram significativamente no crescimento das plantas, rendimento e composição química do óleo essencial de orégano. Palavras-chave:Origanum vulgare, fertilização orgânica, crescimento, cultivo protegido ABSTRACT: Organic fertilization on phytomass production and essential oil content and quality of oregano (Origanum vulgare L.) under protected cultivation. Origanum vulgare L., known as oregano or wild marjoram, is an aromatic plant widely used in cookery. In Brazil, there are few studies with this species aimed at improving the cultivation techniques. The present study was carried out to evaluate the effect of different levels of cattle and chicken organic manure on plant growth, chlorophyll content, besides essential oil content, yield and quality of oregano grown in a greenhouse. Two assays were carried out, one of them used cattle manure and the other, chicken manure (Hen). Oregano (Origanum vulgare L.) plants were grown in 10L-pots and subjected to the following treatments: Assay I: Cattle manure: 1) Soil without fertilization (control); 2) Soil + 3.0 kg m -2 cattle manure; 3) Soil + 6.0 kg m -2 cattle manure; 4) Soil + 9.0 kg m -2 cattle manure; and 5) Soil + 12.0 kg m -2 cattle manure; Assay II: Chicken manure: 1) Soil without fertilization (control); 2) Soil + 1.5 kg m -2 chicken manure; 3) Soil + 3.0 kg m -2 chicken manure; 4) Soil + 4.5 kg m -2 chicken manure; and 5) Soil + 6.0 kg m -2 chicken manure. The experimental design for both assays was in randomized blocks with four replicates and four pots per plot. Cattle and chicken manure levels significantly influenced oregano plant growth besides essential oil yield and chemical composition.

Tipos e doses de adubação orgânica no crescimento, rendimento e na composição química do óleo essencial

RESUMOO assa-peixe (Vernonia polyanthes) é muito utilizado na medicina popular em casos de contusões, hemorróidas, infecções do útero e bronquite. Objetivou-se com o presente trabalho avaliar o rendimento de óleo essencial e caracterizar organolepticamente folhas de assa-peixe submetidas a diferentes métodos de secagem. Entre os métodos de secagem avaliados, a secagem natural à sombra, em secador solar e mista (sol e sombra) foram os métodos que apresentaram maiores teores de óleo. O rendimento de matéria seca de folhas de assa-peixe, após os diferentes métodos de secagem, encontrou-se ao redor de 27,7 a 30,1%. Em todos os métodos de secagem, a cor predominante da face adaxial das folhas de assa-peixe conservou-se verdeescura e da face abaxial verde-clara. No tocante ao odor, observou-se que a secagem à sombra conservou melhor o aroma característico das folhas de V. polyanthes. Termos para indexação:Vernonia polyanthes, secagem, óleo essencial, planta medicinal. ABSTRACT"Assa-peixe" (Vernonia polyanthes) is highly used in popular medicine in cases of contusion, hemorrhoid, uterus infections and bronchitis. This present work looked for to evaluate the essential oil yield and to characterize organolepticaly the "assa-peixe" leaves under various dry methods. Among the dry methods evaluated the natural dryness under shade, solar dryer and mixed method (sun and shade) were the ones that showed higher oil contents. The yield of "assa-peixe" dry matter after those different dry methods was around 27.7 and 30.1%. In all dry methods the predominant colour of adaxial face of "assapeixe" leaves remained dark green and abaxial face showed light green. It could also be observed that the dryness under shade kept better the characteristic aroma of V. polyanthes leaves.

No abstract

Lychnophora pinaster, known as arnica, is a medicinal plant of the Cerrado ecosystem in Brazil. It is widely used in the form of alcoholic extract for its anti-inflammatory and anesthetic and healing effects on sprains, bruises, and inflammation. Owing to the great difficulty of propagation, it is listed by the Instituto Brasileiro do Meio Ambiente e dos Recursos Naturais Renováveis in the category of plants vulnerable to extinction. Micropropagation offers a solution to this problem by allowing the preservation and expansion of germplasm. The objective of this research was to establish a protocol for in vitro propagation of arnica. The best medium for germination of arnica embryos and plantlet growth was a quarter strength semisolid Murashige and Skoog medium (MS/4) containing 0.75% (w/v) sucrose. For shoot induction, the best results were obtained on MS/4 with 2.76 μm of benzylaminopurine. Maximum shoot elongation before rooting occurred in the presence of 8.67 μm of gibberellic acid for 19 d. Microshoots were successfully rooted in the presence of 10.7 μm of naphthalene acetic acid for 15 d. After rooted plantlets were acclimatized in a greenhouse for 20 d, the survival rate was 100% when planted in a soil from the area of occurrence of the species, whereas 0% survived when planted in Plantmax.