-Practically all potato cultivars grown in
duração do ciclo vegetativo em batata e relação com a produtividade de tubérculos. Horticultura Brasileira 27: 280-285. Seleção para duração do ciclo vegetativo em batata e relação com a produtividade de tubérculos RESUMOAs cultivares de batata no Brasil geralmente apresentam ciclo vegetativo de 90 a 110 dias, sendo bem mais longo em países de clima temperado, podendo chegar até 150 dias. O ciclo vegetativo longo nestes países proporciona maior produtividade e constitui-se em alternativa para aumento da produção de tubérculos sob condições tropicais. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram avaliar o potencial da seleção para aumentar ou diminuir o ciclo vegetativo da batata e verificar a relação entre a duração do ciclo vegetativo e a produção de tubérculos em condições tropicais. Na primeira geração clonal foram avaliados a produção de tubérculos e o ciclo vegetativo de 1.561 genótipos oriundos de 22 famílias clonais. Na segunda geração clonal foram avaliadas as mesmas características em 320 genótipos selecionados para ciclo vegetativo precoce, intermediário e tardio. A seleção nas gerações iniciais foi eficiente, tanto para diminuir permitiu obter maior ganho do que a seleção entre famílias. Os genótipos mais tardios foram mais produtivos que os mais precoces. Palavras-chave:Solanum tuberosum, precocidade. ABSTRACT Selection for vegetative growth period and its relationship to tuber yield of potatoPotato cultivars in Brazil generally present a growth cycle duration ranging from 90 to 110 days, whereas in countries located in temperate climate it can reach up to 150 days. Longer vegetative growth cycle in these countries confer higher tuber yield and, in tropical countries it also could be an alternative to increase tuber yield. In this work we evaluated the selection potential for longer or shorter growth cycle duration of potato clones and we determined the relationship between growth cycle duration and tuber yield. In the first clonal generation tuber yield and growth cycle duration were evaluated on 1561 genotypes derived from 22 clonal families. In the second clonal generation, the same traits were evaluated on 320 genotypes selected for earliness, intermediate and late vegetative cycle. Selection in the initial generations was efficient both to decrease and to increase the growth cycle duration. The selection for growth cycle based on individual clones allowed higher gains than the selection among families. The latest genotypes were more productive than the earliest genotypes. Keywords: Solanum tuberosum, earliness, cycle.A batata (Solanum tuberosum L.) foi domesticada na Europa a partir da seleção de clones de S. tuberosum ssp. andigena (ou grupo Andígena) introduzidos em 1570. O grupo Andígena é originário dos Andes, do sul do Peru e norte da Bolívia, em condições de fotoperíodo curto (cerca de 12 horas) e temperaturas amenas. Na Europa, ela foi adaptada aos dias longos do verão do norte europeu. No século XVII, ela passou a ser cultivada em diversos países no mundo (Hawkes, 1994).No Brasil, a espécie foi in...
Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is one of the most important crops for human consumption worldwide, representing an essential component for the food security of several countries. However, yield and quality are negatively affected by biotic and abiotic stresses. In this sense, the selection of potato cultivars tolerant to heat and resistant to diseases is of great importance. Our goal was to select clones suitable for the chips industry, having heat tolerance and bearing the Rx1 and Ryadg alleles, which confer resistance to Potato virus X and Potato virus Y. We evaluated 491 clones originating from 31 biparental crosses under three different seasons in terms of heat stress (without heat stress [WHS], moderate heat stress [MHS], and high heat stress [HHS]). The evaluated traits were specific gravity (SG), dry matter yield (DMY), and proportion of physiological disorders (PD). After evaluation in the WHS and MHS seasons, the presence of the Rx1 and Ryadg alleles was investigated with the help of molecular markers in the 68 clones showing the best performance, which descended from the DGN2103 and DGN4002 parental clones. To gather the genotypic values for all traits in each season, the clones were ranked according to an index based on the genotype–ideotype distance. On average of all seasons, the top 10% selected clones by the index were 9 and 0.1% higher than the Atlantic cultivar for the traits DMY and SG, respectively, and 80% lower than Atlantic cultivar for PD. In conclusion, we report the selection of potato clones suitable for industrial processing.
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