A feira livre de um município desempenha importante papel socioeconômico por subsidiar renda direta para produtores locais e por ser um centro comercial que atende às necessidades da população. Os supermercados têm assumido cada vez mais papel central no cotidiano dos consumidores por comercializarem demanda mais ampla de alimentos. O presente estudo objetivou caracterizar o perfil de consumidores e manipuladores de hortaliças de uma feira livre e supermercados de Santo Antônio de Jesus, Bahia. Trata-se de um estudo epidemiológico do tipo corte transversal, de caráter descritivo, utilizando abordagem quantitativa e qualitativa, desenvolvido nos meses de janeiro a março de 2009 e janeiro a março de 2010. Para a coleta de dados, foram utilizados questionário validado, conversas informais e entrevistas semiestruturadas. Os pesquisados estavam, em sua maioria, na faixa etária entre 17 a 22 anos e 35 a 40 anos; sexo feminino; baixa escolaridade; renda familiar abaixo do salário mínimo; vivendo e trabalhando em locais com esgotamento sanitário deficiente. Há de se destacar uma frequência importante do uso de medicamentos por conta própria na população estudada, bem como a não finalização do tratamento terapêutico. Caracterizar usuários quanto ao uso contínuo de medicamentos e plantas medicinais auxilia na promoção de políticas públicas adequadas ao uso racional destes pela população local. Concluiu-se que o perfil dos feirantes é marcado pela informalidade, baixa remuneração, carga horária de trabalho elevada e flexível, diferente dos manipuladores de supermercados. A caracterização dos manipuladores e consumidores revelou que, a despeito da abertura de muitos supermercados, a feira do município de Santo Antônio de Jesus continua sendo um ponto de encontro entre os que buscam vender e os que desejam comprar hortaliças.

Hygiene-sanitary conditions, the presence of Salmonella spp. and indicator microorganisms of chicken cuts sold on the market in the Recôncavo da Bahia area, are analyzed and their co-relationship with conditions of commercialization is verified. Sixty samples were collected between May and August 2016 at informal selling sites (fairs, butcher shops, abattoirs) and in supermarkets of ten municipalities of the Recôncavo da Bahia region. Hygiene and sanitary conditions were assessed through a check list. Total coliforms, Escherichia coli, mesophylls, psychrotrophic organisms, molds and yeast, and Salmonella spp. were counted. Results revealed statistical difference for total coliforms and Escherichia coli only, featuring greater concentration rates in fairs, butcher shops and abattoirs. Further, 31.7% of samples indicated 31.7% Salmonella spp. and 16.6% of samples failed to comply with sanitary legislation on Escherichia coli. Observational analysis demonstrated that 61.83% and 38.1% of the samples respectively on informal sites and in supermarkets did not comply with legislation and indicated a co-relationship of some variables with the growth of total coliforms, Escherichia coli and mesophylls. Pathogenic and indicator microorganisms suggest flaws in hygiene and sanitary conditions in the commercialization of chicken cuts and health risks to consumers.

RESUMOA contínua intensificação da produção no setor avícola propicia condições favoráveis à ocorrência e à disseminação de alguns patógenos, como a Escherichia coli, que pode provocar infecções graves nos animais e no homem. O objetivo com este trabalho foi verificar a correlação existente entre a inspeção visual do fígado e a presença de Escherichia coli em fígados de frangos provenientes de matadouros avícolas. Para tanto, foram colhidas 62 amostras de fígados de frango, das quais 30 com aspecto macroscópico inalterado e 32 com alteração macroscópica, que originou o descarte da carcaça pela inspeção da linha B. Escherichia coli foi isolada em 45,5% dos fígados coletados. A bactéria foi isolada em 18 amostras de fígados com aspecto macroscópico inalterado e nove amostras de fígados provenientes de carcaças que foram descartadas. A colangio-hepatite foi a alteração inflamatória predominante em 16/27 fígados e considerada multifocal em 15/16. Detectou-se a predominância de heterófilos e mononucleares (12/27). Os critérios de condenação das carcaças foram inadequados, haja vista a elevada presença de Escherichia coli nas amostras de fígados oriundos de carcaças consideradas próprias para o consumo humano, o que ressalta as diferenças encontradas nas análises microbiológicas e visuais. Diante dos resultados obtidos, torna-se necessária a continuidade dos estudos, especialmente quanto o potencial zoonótico da Escherichia coli e sua presença nos alimentos prontos para consumo.Palavras-chave: avicultura, bacteriologia, inspeção, microbiologia, sanidade avícola. SUMMARYThe continuous intensification of production in the poultry sector provides conditions that favor the occurrence and spread of some pathogens such as Escherichia coli, which can cause serious infections in animals and humans. The objective of this study was to verify the correlation between visual inspection of the liver and the presence of Escherichia coli in poultry livers from slaughterhouses. 62 liver chicken samples were collected from two slaughterhouses situated in the State of Bahia in July to August 2008. 30 livers were macroscopic unchanged and 32 showed macroscopic alterations that lead to carcass disposal for inspection of line B. Escherichia coli was isolated in 45.5% of livers collected. The bacterium Escherichia coli was isolated from 18 unchanged livers samples and nine from carcasses that were rejected. The cholangiohepatitis (16/27) was predominant considering inflammatory alterations, and were considered multifocal in 15/16 livers. Heterophils and mononuclear cells were predominant (12/27). The criteria for condemnation of carcasses were inadequate, taking into consideration that pathogenic Escherichia coli were presented in apparently healthy animals, highlighting the differences found in the microbiological analysis and visual. Based on these results, it is necessary further studies, especially regarding the zoonotic potential of Escherichia coli and its presence in foods ready for consumption.

The present study evaluated the microbiological and sanitary quality of curd cheese sold on the beaches of the Itaparica Island, Brazil, and verified whether a correlation exists between the commercialization conditions and the microbiological data. The research was performed between December 2015 and March 2017. Sixty samples of rennet-containing cheese were collected to estimate the populations of mesophylls, psychrotrophic microorganisms, mold and yeast, Staphylococcus aureus, total coliforms, and Escherichia coli. An observational analysis was performed during the collection, using a checklist to verify the sellers' sanitary conditions and cheese marketing. A high nonconformity index was registered regarding aspects in the checklist. In the microbiological analyses, the number of mesophylls in raw and roasted samples ranged from 7,88 to 14,82 log CFU/mL, and those of psychrotrophs ranged from 2,80 to 3,84 log CFU/mL. Meanwhile, mold and yeast levels in the samples ranged from 8,06 to 5,54 log CFU/mL, S. aureus was detected at levels from 3,24 to 4,94 log CFU/mL, and the total coliform counts ranged from 4,48 to 7,18 log CFU/mL. The number of E. coli specimens ranged from 2,96 to 5,75 log CFU/mL. Microbial insecurity was noted for commercialized curd cheese, and the need for intervention was indicated.

Studying methanolic extracts of A. muricata, Pinto et al. (2017) found antimicrobial activity in a broad spectrum of action, on bacterial membranes (both plasma and outer membranes, Gram positive and Gram negative) and Uchegbu et al. (2017) scanning antibacterial properties of A. muricata leaves ethanolic

High nutritional content coupled with low cost and ease of purchase justifies the frequent use of chicken eggs. Even with technological innovations in the production, storage, and distribution of eggs, food poisoning continues to occur. Therefore, in the present study, we 1) evaluated the microbiological profile and the hygienic and sanitary quality of eggs commercialized in town fairs and markets and 2) verified whether there is any correlation between microbiological results and commercialization conditions. Thirty-six samples were collected from six municipalities in the region of Recôncavo from Bahia, Brazil. The hygienic and sanitary conditions were analyzed by quantifying the total coliforms, E. coli, mesophilic and psychrotrophic microorganisms, molds, and yeasts, and by the presence of Salmonella sp. The observational analysis showed that 91% and 68% of the samples in town fairs and markets, respectively, did not comply with the requirements of the current Brazilian legislation. There was no significant difference in the microbiological profile among samples from the fairs and markets. Several samples presented relevant significant values, indicating inadequate hygienic conditions and fecal contamination. Salmonella sp. was found in one sample. There was co-relationship between microorganism count and the variables "external dirt", "external stains", and "closeness to other products", with high concentrations of total coliforms and E. coli in the non-conforming samples. Although no limits exist for mold and yeast counts, the presence of fungi makes the product unfit for consumption. Thus, the commercialization of eggs would benefit from more attention and supervision by the relevant authorities.

Objetivou-se avaliar as condições higienicossanitárias de alimentos de rua e realizar intervenção educativa para trabalhadores do comércio informal de alimentos. Trata-se de um estudo de caso, no qual foi realizado o diagnóstico higienicossanitário dos pontos informais, por meio de aplicação de checklist, contagem de coliformes totais e Staphylococcus aureus em amostras de lanches, em Santo Antônio de Jesus, Bahia, período 2008-2009. Posteriormente, houve a realização de intervenção educativa em Boas Práticas de Fabricação no ponto de comercialização e local de produção dos alimentos. Os resultados demonstraram que todos os vendedores de comida de rua apresentavam falhas higienicossanitárias na produção do alimento. A contagem de coliformes totais variou entre 8 x 10¹ a 2,2 x 105 UFC/g, estando 90% (9) das amostras de acima de 102 UFC/g. A contagem de Staphylococcus aureus variou entre 1,1 x 102 e 3,7 x 104 UFC/g, apresentando 80% (8) das amostras acima dos níveis tolerados pela RDC 12/2001. A intervenção educativa em Boas Práticas propiciaram melhorias das condições higienicossanitárias nas edificações e instalações, equipamentos, móveis e utensílios, manipuladores e produção. Concluiu-se que a intervenção realizada com base na abordagem problematizadora é importante metodologia para sensibilizar trabalhadores do segmento de comida de rua para a produção do alimento seguro.

SUMMARY Current study determines the population of total coliforms and Escherichia coli and identifies iss and iutA virulence genes in Escherichia coli strains isolated from cellulitis in poultry carcasses retrieved from a slaughterhouse. One hundred cellulitis lesions were collected between August 2013 and January 2014. The population of total coliforms and Escherichia coli was verified by Petrifilm™ rapid counting method (AOAC 998.8). Escherichia coli samples were analyzed for iss and iutA genes by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) technique. Total coliforms were present in 96.0% (96/100) of the analyzed samples, with a population between 3.4 and 9.5 log CFU/g. Escherichia coli was present in 82.0% (82/100) of cellulitis samples and the population ranged between <1.0 and 9.0 log CFU/g. The iss gene was found in 89.0% of isolates and the iutA gene in 97.6%. High populations of total coliforms and Escherichiacoli in cellulitis samples indicate that hygienic-sanitary failures may have occurred in the production of broilers. When high prevalence of virulence genes under analysis, characteristic of Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) and possible zoonotic character of the pathotype are taken into account, it is important to highlight the need to adopt Good Manufacturing Practices, Standard Procedures of Operational Hygiene and Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points in poultry slaughterhouses to ensure the safety of the final product.