Saúde do trabalhador: considerações a partir da crítica da economia políticaResumo: O presente artigo tem por objetivo abordar a saúde do trabalhador, buscando fundamentação na crítica da economia política. Procura compreender as causas dos adoecimentos e acidentes dos trabalhadores, como também destacar elementos para pensar as lutas da classe trabalhadora, no âmbito da saúde, principalmente no que se refere às políticas públicas e à prática sindical. Infere que os trabalhadores, nas contemporâneas relações de trabalho, adoecem e acidentam-se devido aos ritmos intensificados da produção, seja nas atividades desenvolvidas no chão da fábrica ou na gerência científica do trabalho. Palavras-chave: Saúde do trabalhador. Política pública. Crítica da economia política. Worker's Health: Considerations Based on a Criticism of Political EconomyAbstract: The purpose of this article is to analyze worker health, based on a criticism of political economy. It seeks to understand the causes of illnesses and accidents among workers, and to highlight elements to consider the struggles of the working class in the realm of health, principally concerning public policies and union practices. It infers that under contemporary labor relations, workers get ill and have accidents due to the intensified pace of production, whether in activities on the factory floor or in scientific management of labor.
Pesquisa e Serviço Social: da concepção burguesa de ciências sociais à perspectiva ontológicaResumo: Este artigo tem como objetivos questionar a concepção burguesa de ciências sociais, apresentar um breve histórico da pesquisa em Serviço Social e expor os primeiros passos da 'perspectiva ontológica' enquanto referência teórico-metodológica, com enfoque na produção do conhecimento no mundo acadêmico atual. As considerações alertam que a pesquisa e o esclarecimento teórico para os assistentes sociais, na atual conjuntura, tornaram-se seus principais meios de trabalho, pois é a partir da sistematização da realidade social que o profissional tem condições de agir com mais segurança e dar possíveis respostas que sejam aceitas pela objetividade social. O ponto de partida é situar o Serviço Social como profissão que vem assegurando o seu espaço no âmbito da pesquisa, principalmente, no que diz respeito aos estudos sobre as expressões da questão social. Destarte, acredita-se que os objetos de investigação do Serviço Social emergem de uma realidade concreta e estabelecem suas mediações numa sociedade que se produz e reproduz por meio de contradições inconciliáveis. Palavras-chave: ciências sociais, Serviço Social, pesquisa, produção do conhecimento, perspectiva ontológica. Research and Social Work: From the Bourgeois to the Ontologic Perspective of Social ScienceAbstract: The purpose of this article is to question the bourgeois concept of social sciences, to present a brief history of research in Social Work and to present the first steps of the 'ontologic perspective' as a theoretical-methodological reference, with a focus on the production of knowledge in the current academic world. The considerations warn that research and theoretical clarification for social assistants in the current situation become their principal means of work, because it is from the systematization of the social reality that the professional has the ability to act with greater security and to give possible responses that would be accepted by the social objectivity. The study begins by locating Social Work as a profession that has been guaranteeing its space in the realm of research, principally in relation to studies about expressions of social issues. Thus, it maintains that the objects of social science research emerge from a concrete reality and establish their mediations in a society that produces and reproduces by means of unreconcilable contradictions.
Resumo O artigo tem como objetivo abordar o endividamento dos trabalhadores no Brasil e a proposta da "educação financeira". Os números do endividamento são impactantes se comparados com as estatísticas do fim do século passado. O Relatório de Estabilidade Financeira (REF), publicação semestral do Banco Central do Brasil (Bacen), apresentou em 2014 o índice de endividamento das famílias em 45,5%, referente a dezembro de 2013. A "educação financeira" surge como ideologia estratégica do capital financeiro, com o objetivo de manipular o consumo e controlar os riscos de inadimplência.
Notas lukacsianas sobre a decadência ideológica da burguesiaResumo: Este artigo traz reflexão sobre a categoria teórica decadência ideológica presente no pensamento de Lukács para, com isso, oferecer elementos para compreensão da crítica à especialização das ciências sociais. Procura, ainda, indicar que a categoria decadência ideológica resgata a conexão, na crítica marxista, entre a força material e a construção ideológica da ordem social capitalista. Palavras-chave: Decadência ideológica. Crítica marxista. Capitalismo. Ideologia. Lukacksian Notes about the Ideological Decadence of the BourgeoisieAbstract: This article reflects on the theoretical concept of ideological decadence in the thinking of Lukács to provide elements for an understanding of the criticism of the specialization of the social sciences. It also seeks to indicate that the theoretical concept of ideological decadence revives the connection, in the Marxist criticism, between the material strength and ideological construction of the capitalist social order.
O artigo apresenta abordagem sócio-histórica dos impactos da ditadura civil-militar nos direitos trabalhistas e sociais no Brasil. O declínio dos direitos sociais e o avanço do poder político e econômico das classes dominantes serão analisados de acordo com o contexto histórico, no qual se localizam três períodos nos últimos quarenta anos. Pretendemos demonstrar que a flexibilização e a degradação das condições de trabalho e vida dos trabalhadores foram reforçadas após o golpe civil-militar de 1964 e se estende até a atualidade, sendo extremamente funcional às necessidades da acumulação capitalista.
The shortage and high cost of CO2 and/or Hydrocarbon gases, in some areas, makes chemical EOR a practical option for tertiary oil recovery. Alkaline, Surfactant and Polymer, ASP, formulations continue to evolve to withstand challenges in relation to reservoir heterogeneity, complex mineralogy, high temperature and high formation water salinity of carbonate reservoirs. Such advanced ASP formulations have been considered to evaluate the performance of tertiary oil recovery process in a Kuwaiti carbonate reservoir. Successful performance has been seen in the lab through the evaluation of ASP coreflood experiments using composite carbonate cores. This paper presents the results of these coreflooding experiments and the steps followed to build representative ASP flooding simulation models as well as the workflow to calibrate these models to the observed experimental data. Moreover, the paper highlights the challenges associated with ASP coreflooding process and its modeling in the difficult environment of carbonate reservoirs. The paper also presents the techniques followed to overcome some of these challenges. The modeling of two corefloods are presented in this paper, the first is for high-pressure live oil ASP coreflood, and the second is for low-pressure, surrogate oil ASP coreflood. The carbonate composite cores were first flooded with seawater down to residual oil saturation, Sorw. The ASP coreflood started with pre-flushing phase using softened seawater, followed by an ASP slug, and ended by injecting a number of pore volumes of polymer solution for mobility control. The representative ASP flooding simulation models of this paper captured the vital mechanisms involved in the ASP chemical EOR process, such as: Micro-emulsion phase behavior, surfactant solubility ratios and resulting IFT changes Saponification process by the reaction of naphthenic acids of the crude oil with the injected alkali Adsorption of surfactant and polymer on the carbonate rocks as a function of pH and time The geochemistry of aqueous and oleic phase reactions Updating reservoir capillary number, resulting from the changes to IFT and wettability Effect of changes in capillary number is reflected by different sets of interpolation Kr curves The rheological behavior of polymer solutions Optimum salinity and salinity gradient effect. Assisted history matching software was employed in the calibration of the two corefloods following a stepwise procedure by first matching the water flood results, then matching the surfactant production values, and finally matching the remainder of the ASP flood results. This paper discusses the parameters that needed to be tuned in order to attain a match of both waterflood and ASP flood results. The matched results included the oil recovery, flow pressure differential, and the concentration of chemical effluents traced during the experiments. The profile of ASP oil recovery in these carbonate composite cores is more gradual, and is different from those observed in sandstone corefloods.
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