PURPOSE To evaluate the polishing effect on roughness and color change of pressed and layering ceramics after immersion in coffee solution. MATERIALS AND METHODS 88 ceramic discs (1.0 mm × 10.0 mm) were manufactured - 44 nano-fluorapatite layering ceramics (IPS e.max Ceram. Group C) and 44 pressed lithium disilicate ceramic discs (IPS e. max Press - Group P). Each group was divided into 4 subgroups according to surface treatments: (G) Glaze, (S) Shofu polishing system (Shofu Inc.), (E) Edenta AG polishing System, (KG) 30-µm diamond granulation tip. Surface roughness (Ra) and color change (ΔE) measurings after the surface treatments were performed, before and 12 days after the immersion in coffee solution. A samples' qualitative analysis was conducted with a scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Data were statistically-treated with one-way-ANOVA and Duncan's tests, apart from paired t-test and Pearson's correlation test (α=5%). RESULTS The decrescent order, both for surface roughness (Ra) and ΔE for both ceramics were: KG > E > S > G ( P <.05). With exception for PG and CG subgroups, which did not present statistical difference between them, all other pressed ceramics subgroups presented smaller Ra values and greater ΔE values than the layering ceramics subgroups ( P <.05). CONCLUSION Although mechanical polishing systems presented intermediate Ra values, their colors were considered clinically acceptable. There is a strong correlation between the surface roughness and the color change of tested ceramics.
Objetivo: avaliar as principais caracteristicas das cerâmicas odontológicas, cimentos resinosos, tratamentos de superfície e verificação dos seus devidos modos de falha, frente à literatura e suas respectivas utilizações clínicas. Material e Métodos: foi realizada uma busca bibliográfica nos principais bancos de dados de saúde PUBMED (www.pubmed.gov) e Scholar Google (www.scholar.google.com.br), no qual coletou-se trabalhos que foram publicados de 2002 a 2020. Foram inclusos estudos laboratoriais, relatos de casos, revisões sistemáticas e revisões de literatura, que fossem desenvolvidos em indivíduos vivos. Logo, foram excluídos artigos que não tratavam a respeito das caracteristicas das cerâmicas odontológicas, cimentos resinosos, tratamentos de superfície e verificação dos seus devidos modos de falha, frente à literatura e suas respectivas utilizações clínicas. Resultados: as cerâmicas podem ser classificadas em cerâmicas vítreas, cerâmicas policristalinas e as cerâmicas híbridas. Do mesmo modo que existem diferentes composições das cerâmicas e agentes de união, há também alguns protocolos de tratamento de superfície que se diferem de acordo com a escolha desses materiais. Conclusão: diversos sistemas cerâmicos estão disponíveis no mercado, fazendo com que os profissionais da área protética necessitem de uma constante reciclagem acerca das suas propriedades e indicações, visto que bons resultados não são devidos exclusivamente ao tipo de material utilizado, mas sim, à seleção do melhor material, tipo de preparo em conjunto à habilidade do profissional, cimentos resinosos, tratamentos de superfície e verificação dos seus devidos modos de falha. Nesse contexto, fazem-se necessários maiores estudos com relação às cerâmicas odontológicas e seu devido uso em um cenário clínico
Objectives: Solely light-activated luting agents have been suggested for cementing procedures with aesthetic rehabilitations, but questions remain regarding their curing potential under more opaque prosthesis. To determine the degree of carbon double bond (C=C) conversion (DC) of four categories of luting strategies when considering the interposition of lithium-disilicate ceramic laminates with different translucencies during the photo-activation procedures. Materials and methods: Four different luting strategies were considered: a dualactivated resin-based cement (control, RelyX ARC, 3M ESPE), a solely light-activated resin-based cement (RelyX Veneer, 3M ESPE), a flowable resin-based composite (Filtek Z350 XT Flow, 3M ESPE), and a pre-heated (68 °C for 30 min) regular resin-based composite (Filtek Z350 XT, 3M ESPE). The DC was determined by Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy (n = 6), 1 min after light-activation in two conditions: (a) with direct light exposure and (b) with light exposure with the interposition of lithiumdisilicate disks (e.max Press, Ivoclar Vivadent) with 1.5 mm thickness with three translucent degrees: high translucency (HT), low translucency (LT), and medium opacity (MO). The translucency parameter (TP) formula was performed to quantitatively evaluate the ceramics' translucencies using white (L* = 93.7, a* = 1.2, and b* = 0.8) and black (L* = 8.6, a* = − 0.7, and b* = − 1.5) backgrounds. The irradiance from the light curing unit (Bluephase G2, Ivoclar Vivadent) was calculated with a power meter (Ophir Optronics) with direct light exposure to the sensor and also with the interposition of the light ceramic discs. Degree of conversion data was submitted to two-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (α = 0.05). Results: Translucency parameters values were 16.4, 13.4 and 12.6 for HT, LT and MO ceramics-respectively-and affected the percentage of light transmission. For all ceramic translucencies the highest DC values were observed for the dual-activated resin-based cement followed by the solely light-activated resin-based cement, the flowable composite and then by pre-heated regular composite. The ceramic's translucency influenced the DC only for the pre-heated composite. Conclusions: The effect of the ceramic translucency on the curing behavior was dependent on the luting strategy. The DC was only affected for the pre-heated composite, which demonstrates lower conversion with the increased ceramic opacity.
This study aims to evaluate the physical, chemical, mechanical and optical properties of Bulk-Fill resin, in relation to the literature and its proper clinical uses. A bibliographic search was performed in the main health databases PUBMED (www.pubmed.gov) and Scholar Google (www.scholar.google.com.br), in which articles published from 1994 to 2020 were collected. Laboratory studies, case reports, systematic reviews and literature reviews, which were developed in living individuals, were included. Therefore, articles that did not deal with the characteristics of the Bulk-Fill resin and its proper clinical uses were excluded. The use of Bulk-Fill resin has been progressively increasing over the years, presenting good properties, achieving success in clinical performance, ease of handling and thus has become the material of choice for dentists. In addition, its longevity demonstrates durability with mechanical properties and resistance to tooth structure. Bulk-Fill resins have characteristics similar to traditional composite resins, when performed according the usage protocol. With the use of this group of resins in a single increment, possible failures that occur during the restorative procedure can be minimized, such as: less chance of incorporating bubbles and a volumetric contraction with less stress on the interface.
Objetivo: Analisar a influência da resistência de união entre cimento resinoso e cerâmica feldspática utilizando concentrações e tempos de aplicação diferentes de acído fluorídrico (HF). Material e Métodos: Foram confeccionados 18 discos de cerâmica feldspática (Ø10mm - 2mm de espessura) através da técnica incremental, que foram incluídos em resina acrílica e regularizados com lixas de carbeto de silício com granulações de 600, 1200 e 2000 através de uma máquina de polimento com velocidade de 600 rpm para regularização. Logo após foram mergulhadas em água destilada durante 10 minutos em cuba ultrassônica. Todos corpos de prova foram condicionados com HF e silanizados. Foram confeccionados quatro cilindros de cimento sobre cada corpo de prova (n=12), feitos com cimento resinoso Relyx ARC. Logo após, dividiu-se em seis grupos de acordo com o protocolo de tratamento de superfície: G1 (5% - 40s); G2 (5% - 60s); G3 (5% - 80s); G4 (10% - 40s); G5 (10% - 60s) e G6 (10% - 80s). Os corpos de prova foram submetidos ao Teste de Microcisalhamento, com força vertical a uma velocidade de 0,5 mm/min sobre a peça. A resistência de união ao microcisalhamento foi calculada e expressa em Megapascal (MPa). Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância (ANOVA) dois fatores e para comparações múltiplas foi utilizado o Teste de Tukey, sendo o nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: Quando analisado a concentração do HF, não houve diferenças estatísticas (p>0,05). Na comparação dos tempos de aplicação, G3 (5% - 80s) e G6 (10% - 80s) obtiveram maiores resultados de resistência ao microcisalhamento que os demais grupos. Conclusão: As diferentes concentrações de HF não influenciaram na resistência de união entre cerâmica feldspática e cimento resinoso. Já o aumento do tempo de condicionamento com HF afetou na resistência de união
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