Current Considerations for Dental Ceramics and Their Respective Union Systems

Abstract

Objetivo: avaliar as principais caracteristicas das cerâmicas odontológicas, cimentos resinosos, tratamentos de superfície e verificação dos seus devidos modos de falha, frente à literatura e suas respectivas utilizações clínicas. Material e Métodos: foi realizada uma busca bibliográfica nos principais bancos de dados de saúde PUBMED (www.pubmed.gov) e Scholar Google (www.scholar.google.com.br), no qual coletou-se trabalhos que foram publicados de 2002 a 2020. Foram inclusos estudos laboratoriais, relatos de casos, revisões sistemáticas e revisões de literatura, que fossem desenvolvidos em indivíduos vivos. Logo, foram excluídos artigos que não tratavam a respeito das caracteristicas das cerâmicas odontológicas, cimentos resinosos, tratamentos de superfície e verificação dos seus devidos modos de falha, frente à literatura e suas respectivas utilizações clínicas. Resultados: as cerâmicas podem ser classificadas em cerâmicas vítreas, cerâmicas policristalinas e as cerâmicas híbridas. Do mesmo modo que existem diferentes composições das cerâmicas e agentes de união, há também alguns protocolos de tratamento de superfície que se diferem de acordo com a escolha desses materiais. Conclusão: diversos sistemas cerâmicos estão disponíveis no mercado, fazendo com que os profissionais da área protética necessitem de uma constante reciclagem acerca das suas propriedades e indicações, visto que bons resultados não são devidos exclusivamente ao tipo de material utilizado, mas sim, à seleção do melhor material, tipo de preparo em conjunto à habilidade do profissional, cimentos resinosos, tratamentos de superfície e verificação dos seus devidos modos de falha. Nesse contexto, fazem-se necessários maiores estudos com relação às cerâmicas odontológicas e seu devido uso em um cenário clínico

Metal Alloys in Dentistry: An Outdated Material or Required for Oral Rehabilitation?

“…Noble alloys have gold (Au) and palladium (Pd) in their main composition and are commonly associated with non-noble metals, such as copper (Cu), gallium (Ga) and cobalt (Co), which makes the alloy with shades dark (Wataha, 2002). Golden alloys are widely used in dentistry due to their low corrosion properties and good marginal adaptation, however their use in metalloceramic restorations is difficult due to the gold not producing enough oxides that are favorable to the adhesion of porcelain (Wataha, 2002;Romão et al, 2018;Matos et al, 2020). The limitation is in the greatest probability of suffering deformations at the moment when the porcelain is being melted, as they have low elastic modulus, consequently, their resistance is lower, being contraindicated in extensive restorations (Suansuwan & Swain, 2001;Roberts et al) (Table III).…”

“…The casting process of the alloys is extremely important for its use, since during the process it is necessary to know the correct melting temperature due to the particularity for each type of alloy components, in which correct handling and techniques are required (Wataha & Messer). Laboratory procedures have been improved and components added to porcelain to optimize metalloceramic restorations, such as leucite, which in the early 1960s was incorporated into porcelain with the proposal of making the degree of thermal expansion between them and metal alloys more compatible (Wataha, 2002;Romão et al;Matos et al).…”

“…It act s as an antioxidant agent (Morreu, 1996;Wataha & Messer, 2004). Zirconia It act s as an aesthetic rehabilitation material, being used in fixed dentures on teeth and on implants (Piconi & Maccaur o, 1999;Mehjabeen et al, 2018;Matos et al, 2020).…”

Influence of Cement Thickness on the Polymerization Shrinkage Stress of Adhesively Cemented Composite Inlays: Photoelastic and Finite Element Analysis

“…The different physical and chemical properties of the luting agents will define whether the cement is temporary or permanent. An ideal luting agent should have characteristics of biocompatibility, long-term fluoride release, resistance to functional forces, low or no solubility and adsorption in water, be aesthetic, radiopaque, and have good adhesion [2]. Although no luting agent provides all the ideal characteristics, resin cements have been commonly used due to their high compressive strength, low solubility, high resistance, and low wear, in addition to aesthetics and good adhesion capacity [3].…”

Table-Top Lithium Disilicate Ceramic Restoration Thickness Effect on the Stress Distribution in Upper Premolars: 3D Finite Element Analysis

“…Dental ceramics are among the main materials of choice for restoring tooth structure due to its properties of compressive strength, color stability, radiopacity and thermal conductivity being similar to teeth biomimetics and marginal integrity. The search for aesthetics has reflected in an increase of ceramic restorations in anterior and posterior teeth (Kelly & Benetti, 2011;Matos et al, 2020;Dal Piva et al, 2021). Among the available dental ceramics is glass ceramic reinforced with lithium disilicate crystals (approximately 60-70 %), guaranteeing a very translucent structure to this system while conferring a low refractive index that efficiently reflects light and still allows adequate mechanical resistance (Culp & McLaren, 2010;Matos et al;Tribst et al, 2021).…”