Objective: To evaluate the frequency of tinnitus onset (in normal subjects) and modulation (in tinnitus patients) during muscle contractions, estimating possible risk factors. Material and Method: This case-control study enrolled 121 tinnitus patients and 100 healthy volunteers who underwent medical history, ENT examination and 16 maneuvers of muscular contraction (head, neck and limbs). Modulation data were compared between patients with and without normal audiometry, well-defined diagnosis and symptoms of craniomandibular disorders. Results: The ability to modulate tinnitus (65.3%) was significantly higher than that to originate tinnitus (14.0%). The head and neck musculature was significantly more efficient than that of the limbs. Audiometric pattern, well-defined etiology and symptoms of craniomandibular disorders showed no relation to tinnitus modulation. Conclusions: Somatic modulation is a characteristic aspect of tinnitus.

FORMA DE ESTUDO: Estudo de corte transversal. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS: Os autores avaliaram 55 pacientes que procuraram o Ambulatório de Otoneurologia Geriátrica do Hospital das Clínicas do HCFMUSP com queixa de desequilíbrio e/ou tontura entre agosto de 2001 e março de 2003, caracterizando o perfil dessa população de idosos quanto a idade, sexo, fatores etiológicos relacionados à alteração do equilíbrio, conduta terapêutica adotada e resultados parciais de tratamentos propostos. RESULTADOS: O paciente idoso com alteração do equilíbrio corporal apresentou mais de uma etiologia relacionada ao seu problema em 51% dos casos, sendo as patologias mais freqüentes: Insuficiência Vértebro-Basilar - IVB (40%), Alteração Metabólica relacionada a metabolismo de açúcar e colesterol (40%), Síndrome do Desequilíbrio de Idoso - SDI (30%), Vertigem Posicional Paroxística Benigna - VPPB (14,5%), Vestibulopatia Cervical (7,2%) e Alterações Hormonais (5,4%), entre outras. CONCLUSÃO: Estes achados corroboram dados prévios da literatura e chamam a atenção para a necessidade de uma abordagem multidisciplinar para a compreensão do desequilíbrio e seu adequado tratamento na população idosa.

Maneuvers of head and neck muscle contractions evoked tinnitus modulation in a frequent and reliable manner. Also, the repetition of such maneuvers for 2 months altered the pattern of modulation.

The nature and antecedents of faculty satisfaction in online higher education have not received much scholarly attention yet, despite the growing literature that indicates the relevance of faculty satisfaction for outcomes such as the success of e-learning programs, student learning, and student satisfaction. This exploratory study surveyed 171 faculty members from multiple institutions of higher education to learn about their experiences teaching online and to examine factors that might affect their satisfaction. Our study finds that higher education faculty who teach online are generally satisfied, and that satisfaction is more likely if there is appropriate training, and if teaching online allows for flexibility in their schedules. Although a weaker relationship, results also suggest that faculty are more satisfied teaching online when institutional support and organizational policies uphold online teaching efforts. Contrary to our expectations, however, our findings show that faculty who are more satisfied with support for technical elements of the online teaching environment, are less satisfied teaching online. Implications for research and practice are discerned through both the presence and absence of support for three sets of hypotheses, regarding faculty, institutional and technical factors.

This study makes this questionnaire available in Brazilian Portuguese. For parents of Brazilian children with cochlear implants, lexical development(acquisition and use of words) is the variable that relates most to the quality of life of their children.

Autografting is the gold-standard method for facial nerve repair with tissue loss. Its association with high-quality scaffolds and cell implants has disclosed distinct experimental outcomes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the functional and histological effects of bone marrow stem cells (BMSC) combined with polyglycolic acid tube (PGAt) in autografted rat facial nerves. After neurotmesis of the mandibular branch of the rat facial nerve, surgical repair consisted of nerve autografting (groups A-E) contained in pGAT (groups B-E), filled with basement membrane matrix (groups C-E) with undifferentiated BMSC (group D) or Schwann-like cells that had differentiated from BMSC (group E). Axon morphometrics and an objective compound muscle action potentials (CMAP) analysis were conducted. Immunofluorescence assays were carried out with Schwann cell marker S100 and anti-β-galactosidase to label exogenous cells. Six weeks after surgery, animals from either cell-containing group had mean CMAP amplitudes significantly higher than control groups. Differently from other groups, facial nerves with Schwann-like cell implants had mean axonal densities within reference values. This same group had the highest mean axonal diameter in distal segments. We observed expression of the reporter gene lacZ in nerve cells in the graft and distally from it in groups D and E. Group-E cells had lacZ coexpressed with S100. In conclusion, regeneration of the facial nerve was improved by BMSC within PGAt in rats, yet Schwann-like cells were associated with superior effects. Accordingly, groups D and E had BMSC integrated in neural tissue with maintenance of former cell phenotype for six weeks.

Previous studies of author productivity in business and management education (BME) research have focused on single disciplinary areas, and even single journals. This study is the first to examine the productivity of BME scholars across multiple disciplinary areas (i.e., accounting, economics, finance, information systems, management, marketing, and operations/supply chain management). We analyzed a pool of 17 BME journals with the highest hg‐index, by including the top three journals in the accounting and information systems areas, the top two journals in each of the other disciplinary areas, and an interdisciplinary BME journal. This examination covered a 10‐year period (2005‐2014), 4,464 articles and 9,617 article co‐authors. We identified 7,209 unique authors in this pool and ranked their productivity to create a “Key Authors” list. Each of the top 99 authors had five or more articles in our database. Our findings indicate the potential for cross‐disciplinary dissemination of research ideas and opportunities for scholars to enhance their research profile, because even a small increase in productivity can lead to substantial movement in the BME rankings of authors.

The authors describe how to use the three-dimensional (3D) anaglyphic method to produce stereoscopic prints for anatomical and surgical teaching and reports preparation by using currently available nonprofessional photographic and computer methods. As with any other method of producing stereoscopic images, the anaglyphic procedure is based on the superimposition of two slightly different images of the object to be reproduced, one seen more from a left-sided point of view and the other seen more from a right-sided point of view. The pictures are obtained using a single camera, which following the first shot can be slid along a special bar for the second shot, or by using two cameras affixed to a surgical microscope. After the images have been distinguished from each other by applying different complementary color dyes, the images are scanned and superimposed on each other with the aid of nonprofessional imaging-manipulation software used on a standard personal computer (PC), and are printed using a standard printer. To be seen stereoscopically, glasses with colored lenses, normally one red and one blue, have to be used. Stereoscopic 3D anaglyphic prints can be produced using standard photographic and PC equipment; after some training, the prints can be easily reproduced without significant cost and are particularly helpful to disclose the 3D character of anatomical structures.