O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar as fenofases vegetativas (queda de folhas e brotamento) e reprodutivas (floração e frutificação) de dezoito indivíduos de Q. parviflora localizados em uma área de cerrado sensu stricto na fazenda da Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul, no município de Aquidauana, MS. As observações foram realizadas quinzenalmente, no período de agosto de 2010 a julho de 2012. Para o cálculo das porcentagens de cada fenofase seguimos a metodologia proposta por Fournier (1974). Utilizamos a correlação de Spearman (P<0,05) para verificar relação entre variáveis climáticas e as fenofases da espécie. A população mostrou elevada sincronia dentro de cada fenofase e apresentou um padrão fenológico sazonal. O brotamento teve ocorrência no final da estação seca, logo após a queda de folhas que ocorreu ao longo do período seco. A floração coincidiu com o início das chuvas, logo após os eventos vegetativos. A deiscência dos frutos e a dispersão das sementes ocorreram no final da estação seca. Em geral, as fenofases correlacionaram-se com todas as variáveis climáticas estudadas. Considerando que o cerrado é um bioma ameaçado devido as frequentes queimadas e a exploração de seus recursos naturais, os dados aqui apresentados colaboram para a elaboração de futuros projetos de recuperação ambiental desse bioma.

The objective of this research was to evaluate the residual effect of 2,4-D amine on the initial development of soybean plants after its application on the soil at different times before sowing. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse during the months from April to June 2013, at State University of Mato Grosso do Sul. The experimental design was completely randomized, with four replications. The treatments consisted of eight application times of herbicide 2,4-D amine, seven (3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18 and 21 days) before sowing, a treatment during sowing (0) and a control treatment (no herbicide application). The dose used was 1080 g i.a. haG 1. It were evaluated he following variables: percentage of emergency, plant height, stem diameter, fresh mass of shoot, fresh mass of roots, dry mass of shoot, dry mass of roots, nodular activity and toxicity. The soybean sowing at time or three days after application of 2,4-D amine causes reduction in the crop development as a result of this residual effect of this herbicide and should occur at least six days after application of this herbicide.

No abstract

The symbiotic association between native fruit species with Arbuscular Mycorrhizal fungi (AMFs) can contribute to the growth and quality of seedlings in soils with low nutrient availability. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of inoculation with AMFs and phosphate fertilization on the growth and quality of jatobazeiro seedlings ( LHymenaea courbaril.). The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design in a 5 x 5 factorial scheme. The treatments were constituted by inoculation with the AMFs: Clareoideoglomus etunicatum, Rhizoglomus heterosporum, Rhizoglomus clarum, MIX (mixture of inoculations) and without inoculation with the AMFs, associated with five P doses: 0, 60, 120, 180 and 240 mg kg-1, with growth evaluation at 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 days after transplantation (DAT). At 150 DAT, the production of biomass, the quality of seedlings, the chlorophyll index, the dependence and mycorrhizal efficiency were determined. Phosphorus did not contribute to the jatobazeiro seedlings growth in the conditions of this study. Seedlings with R. clarum and MIX had the highest growth at 150 DAT, while seedlings with R. clarum also resulted in a greater biomass accumulation. The mycorrhizal dependence and efficiency was affected by phosphate fertilization, evidencing that jatobazeiro is a kind of optional mycorrhizal association.

Myrciaria glomerata pertence a família Myrtaceae, possui frutos saborosos, apresentando potencial de uso medicinal e na recuperação de áreas, com mudas florestais e frutíferas tropicais. Assim a associação com fungos micorrízicos arbusculares (FMAs) podem aumentar a sobrevivência das mudas em áreas de expansão e favorecendo seu cultivo. Objetivou-se neste trabalho, verificar a influência dos FMAs sobre o crescimento de mudas de M. glomerata submetidas a doses de fósforo (P). O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos casualizados, em arranjo fatorial 5 x 5, sendo os fatores inoculação com os FMAs (Glomus clarum, Gigaspora margarita, Gigaspora albida e Clareoideoglomus etunicatum e o controle sem FMAs), e cinco doses de P (0, 25, 50, 100 e 200 mg kg-1), com quatro repetições. As espécies de FMAs C. etunicatum, G. clarum e G. albida favorecem o crescimento e qualidade das mudas de M. glomerata. O aumento do P no solo elevou a qualidade das mudas, sendo que a dose de 100 mg kg-1 de P, favoreceu o crescimento e desenvolvimento de mudas de M. glomerata. A dependência e eficiência micorrízica variou em função do inóculo e do uso de P, sendo necessários novos estudos para entendimento da relação dos FMAs com esta frutífera.

No abstract

This study aimed to verify the influence of FMAs on the levels of macro and micronutrients, and growth of micropropagated banana seedlings submitted to doses of P. The experimental design adopted was randomized blocks, in a 5 x 5 factorial arrangement, with factors inoculation with AMFs (G. clarum, G. margarita, G. albida and C. etunicatum and the control without AMF) and P doses (0, 50, 100, 200 and 400 mg kg-1). The association of different species of FMAs can favor the growth of banana seedlings, with greater nutrition. The application of P doses provided greater growth of the micropropagated banana seedlings, regardless of inoculation with AMF. Seedling production associated with G. margarita can favor the growth of plants submitted to low doses of P applied to the soil. The interaction of G. clarum with Musa spp. seedling production does not seem to favor plant growth. Mycorrhizal colonization together with phosphate fertilization contributed to the quality of banana seedlings. The inoculation with C. etunicatum favored the increase of K contents in the aerial part of the plants. The increase in P doses decreased the levels of N and S in all treatments. It caused a reduction in the leaf contents of Mn, B and Fe. The doses of P did not interfere in the leaf contents of Cu and Zn. The FMAs favored the levels of Cu, Zn, Mn and B in banana leaves; favored the increments of Cu, Fe, Zn and Mn contents in banana seedlings, varying with the doses of P.

The use of alternative technologies involving biological processes, with economic and ecological gains, is desirable for both the expansion of Musa spp. farming and the renovation of areas with low yields. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can stimulate plant growth, especially by increasing the absorption of phosphorus (P) and other nutrients. This study analyzes the influence of AMF on the growth and physiology of micropropagated Musaspp. plants submitted to doses of P. The experimental design was randomized blocks, in a 5 x 5 factorial arrangement, in which the factors were inoculation with AMF (Glomus clarum, Gigaspora margarita, , Gigaspora albida,Clareoideoglomus etunicatum, and the control without AMF) and five doses of P (0, 50, 100, 200, and 400 mg kg-1), with four replicates. The application of P doses increased growth in micropropagated Musaspp. seedlings, regardless of mycorrhizal inoculation. The highest rates of mycorrhizal colonization occurred at the lowest P doses, and the dose of 50 mg kg-1 P provided better conditions for mycorrhizal formation in all AMF species under study. The symbioses with AMF, as well as the use of P, increased photosynthesis rate, thus favoring the growth, development, and quality of Musa spp. seedlings. Species G. clarum, C. etunicatum, and G. margarita were the most promising for plant growth.