Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are members of the TGF-β superfamily, acting as potent regulators during embryogenesis and bone and cartilage formation and repair. Cell and molecular biology approaches have unveiled the great complexity of BMP action, later confirmed by transgenic animal studies. Genetic engineering allows for the production of large amounts of BMPs for clinical use, but they have systematically been associated with a delivery system, such as type I collagen and calcium phosphate ceramics, to ensure controlled release and to maximize their biological activity at the surgical site, avoiding systemic diffusion. Clinical orthopedic studies have shown the benefits of FDA-approved recombinant human BMPs (rhBMPs) 2 and 7, but side effects, such as swelling, seroma, and increased cancer risk, have been reported, probably due to high BMP dosage. Several studies have supported the use of BMPs in periodontal regeneration, sinus lift bone-grafting, and non-unions in oral surgery. However, the clinical use of BMPs is growing mainly in off-label applications, with robust evidence to ascertain rhBMPs' safety and efficacy through well-designed, randomized, and double-blind clinical trials. Here we review and discuss the critical data on BMP structure, mechanisms of action, and possible clinical applications.
Although EARR has occurred in all teeth evaluated, the bracket design (self-ligating or conventional) did not demonstrate any influence on the results observed.
There is a paucity of studies with this approach; however, the results showed the importance of researches in this area, which turns the subject into an important field of research.
Angle Class III malocclusion has been a challenge for researchers concerning
diagnosis, prognosis and treatment. It has a prevalence of 5% in the Brazilian
population, and may have a genetic or environmental etiology. This malocclusion
can be classified as dentoalveolar, skeletal or functional, which will determine
the prognosis. Considering these topics, the aim of this study was to describe
and discuss a clinical case with functional Class III malocclusion treated by a
two-stage approach (interceptive and corrective), with a long-term follow-up. In
this case, the patient was treated with a chincup and an Eschler arch, used
simultaneously during 14 months, followed by corrective orthodontics. It should
be noticed that, in this case, initial diagnosis at the centric relation allowed
visualizing the anterior teeth in an edge-to-edge relationship, thereby favoring
the prognosis. After completion of the treatment, the patient was followed for a
10-year period, and stability was observed. The clinical treatment results
showed that it is possible to achieve favorable outcomes with early management
in functional Class III malocclusion patients.
Objective:The aim of this study was to compare the reliability of three different methods of
cephalometric analysis.Material and Methods:Conventional pretreatment lateral cephalograms and cone beam computed tomography
(CBCT) scans from 50 subjects from a radiological clinic were selected in order to test
the three methods: manual tracings (MT), digitized lateral cephalograms (DLC), and
lateral cephalograms from CBCT (LC-CBCT). The lateral cephalograms were manually
analyzed through the Dolphin Imaging 11.0(tm) software. Twenty measurements were
performed under the same conditions, and retraced after a 30-day period. Paired t tests
and the Dahlberg formula were used to evaluate the intra-examiner errors. The Pearson's
correlation coefficient and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) tests were used to
compare the differences between the methods. Results:Intra-examiner reliability occurred for all methods for most of the measurements. Only
six measurements were different between the methods and an agreement was observed in the
analyses among the 3 methods. Conclusions:The results demonstrated that all evaluated methodologies are reliable and valid for
scientific research, however, the method used in the lateral cephalograms from the CBCT
proved the most reliable.
OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to compare dentoalveolar changes in mandibular
arch, regarding transversal measures and buccal bone thickness, in patients
undergoing the initial phase of orthodontic treatment with self-ligating or
conventional bracket systems. METHODS: A sample of 25 patients requiring orthodontic treatment was assessed based on the
bracket type. Group 1 comprised 13 patients bonded with 0.022-in self-ligating
brackets (SLB). Group 2 included 12 patients bonded with 0.022-in conventional
brackets (CLB). Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans and a 3D program
(Dolphin) assessed changes in transversal width of buccal bone (TWBB) and buccal
bone thickness (BBT) before (T1) and 7 months after treatment onset
(T2). Measurements on dental casts were performed using a digital
caliper. Differences between and within groups were analyzed by Student's t-test;
Pearson correlation coefficient was also calculated. RESULTS: Significant mandibular expansion was observed for both groups; however, no
significant differences were found between groups. There was significant decrease
in mandibular buccal bone thickness and transversal width of buccal bone in both
groups. There was no significant correlation between buccal bone thickness and
dental arch expansion. CONCLUSIONS: There were no significant differences between self-ligating brackets and
conventional brackets systems regarding mandibular arch expansion and changes in
buccal bone thickness or transversal width of buccal bone.
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