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The possible association between orthodontic treatment and temporomandibular disorders (TMD) is a topic of great interest in the current literature. The true role of orthodontic therapy on the etiology of TMD, however, is still uncertain. From the clinical prospective, a thorough examination of the stomatognathic system is always necessary in order to detect possible TMD signs and symptoms prior to the beginning of the orthodontic therapy. Caution should be exercised when planning, performing and finalizing orthodontics, especially in patients who with history of signs and symptoms of TMD. The clinician must always eliminate patient’s pain and dysfunction before initiating any type of orthodontic mechanics. Muscle incoordination, unstable disc-condyle relationship and bone alterations are usual TMD conditions that can interfere with the presenting occlusal relationship. This article reviews these aspects and presents a detailed clinical guide for the examination of the orthodontic patient, considering aspects related to facial pain and dysfunction.

The purpose of this study was to address the therapeutic goals regarding the static and functional occlusion in the completion of orthodontic treatment. For such purpose, a study population comprising 20 female treated Class II malocclusion subjects with an initial mean age of 11 years underwent a two-phase treatment (orthopedics and orthodontics). The patients were diagnosed in centric relation and were treated according to the six keys for normal occlusion and functional occlusal parameters (centric relation, vertical dimension, lateral and anterior guidances, occlusal contacts and direction of forces applied on the teeth). After removal of fixed mechanics, retainers were installed and maintained for two years. Five years after orthodontic completion, the occlusal stability of the patients was evaluated regarding molar relationship and overjet, measured in dental casts. All subjects maintained the normal molar relationship and correct overjet achieved at the end of treatment, indicating a fair level of occlusal stability. The importance of the criteria of the ideal functional occlusion to ensure a better stability after completion orthodontic treatment will be discussed in detail in this paper. In addition, some clinical situations in which localized adjustments are indicated for occlusal refinement will be described.

The presence of supernumeraries may lead to irruptive problems, such as impacted teeth, functional and aesthetic disorders. The present study describes two clinical cases, with anterior teeth eruption disorders caused by additional dental elements, treated early. Patients presented with aesthetic involvement, with delay in the emergence of the upper incisors. The clinical and radiographic examinations detected the presence of obstacles to the teeth eruption. Early treatment with 2x4 appliance was realized, followed by final corrective orthodontics. After restoration of the dimension for retained teeth, there was spontaneous eruption in clinical case 1 and need of traction in clinical case 2. When patients reached the complete permanent dentition, a corrective phase was performed with the objective of detailing the dental occlusion and finishing the treatment. The early diagnosis of teeth impacted and supernumerary, provide the achievement of adequate occlusion and positive aesthetic of patients, with good prognosis, avoiding psychological and functional problems caused by absence of anterior teeth. ResumoA presença de supranumerários pode ocasionar problemas irruptivos, como impacção de dentes, desordens funcionais e estéticas. O presente trabalho descreve dois casos clínicos abordados precocemente, com alterações na irrupção de dentes anteriores devido a presença de supranumerários. Os pacientes apresentavam queixas estéticas, com atraso no aparecimento dos incisivos superiores. Os exames clínico e radiográfico detectaram a presença de barreiras irruptivas. Realizou-se tratamento precoce com auxílio da mecânica 4x2, seguido pela ortodontia corretiva final. Após etapa de restabelecimento da dimensão para os dentes retidos, houve irrompimento espontâneo no caso clínico 1 e necessidade de tracionamento no caso clínico 2. Quando pacientes atingiram a dentição permanente completa, realizou-se uma fase corretiva com o objetivo de detalhamento da oclusão dentária e finalização do tratamento. O diagnóstico precoce de impacção dentária e detecção de supranumerários favoreceu a restituição de oclusão adequada e estética dos pacientes, com prognóstico muito favorável, evitando problemas psicológicos e funcionais provocados pela ausência de dentes anteriores.Palavras-chave: Ortodontia interceptora. Dente supranumerário. Erupção ectópica de dente.

A má oclusão de Classe III, de origem essencialmente esquelética, produz uma acentuada deformidade facial. A Classe III pode ser interceptada durante a fase de crescimento e desenvolvimento craniofacial mediante o uso de aparelhos ortopédicos. O crescimento mandibular, predominantemente endocondral na cartilagem condilar, obedece essencialmente ao controle genético. Portanto, os efeitos dos aparelhos ortopédicos que visam restringir o crescimento da mandíbula mostram-se limitados, o que conduz ao pobre prognóstico de tratamento precoce da Classe III determinada pelo prognatismo mandibular. Felizmente, o componente esquelé-tico maxilar responde melhor à aplicação de forças ortopédicas, já que o crescimento ósseo intramembranoso mostra-se mais susceptível a influências extrínsecas ou ambientais. Deste modo, a Classe III morfologicamente definida pelo retrognatismo maxilar, privilegia-se com o tratamento ortopédico. Este trabalho discute o tratamento interceptivo da Classe III por meio da tração reversa da maxila em pacientes com padrões faciais distintos, apresentando dois casos clínicos, e ainda ressalta os aspectos atinentes a sua estabilidade. ResumoPalavras-chave: Máscara facial. Expansão rápida da maxila. Prognatismo esquelético. Classe III. A R T I G O I N É D I T O INTRODUÇÃOO tratamento precoce da má oclusão de Classe III tem mostrado efetividade do ponto de vista esquelético 23,30 , em especial quando essa má oclusão possui um componente de retrognatismo maxilar ou uma combinação de retrognatismo maxilar e pequeno prognatismo mandibular, o que representa grande parte dos pacientes com esta deformidade 3,14 . Isto porque, uma vez que as suturas maxilares formam-se, pela ossificação intramembranosa, são mais susceptíveis a influências ambientais quando comparadas à mandíbula, que possui crescimento essencialmente endocondral e, portanto, mais propenso a determinações genéti-cas 4 . Desta forma, a Ortopedia pode atuar mais facilmente sobre o crescimento da maxila, interceptando precocemente a Classe III definida pelo retrognatismo maxilar.

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The objective of this study was to assess the effect of a UV lightbased auxiliary illumination on adhesive remnant (AR) removal after orthodontic debonding. Sixty human molars were divided according to the adhesive used for bonding: O-opaque; LF-low fluorescence; and HFhigh fluorescence. After debonding, the teeth were subdivided according to the AR removal method: No UV light or With UV light. After AR removal, the teeth were polished. Direct visual analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and time quantification for AR removal analyses were performed (Fisher-Freeman-Halton, Fisher's exact, chisquare trend, ANOVA, and independent t-tests; α = 5%). Concerning the adhesives, there was no significant difference among direct visual, SEM and time analyses for AR removal (p ≥ 0.05). Regarding AR removal methods, a similarity among the subgroups was verified for direct visual and SEM analyses (p≥0.05). However, a significant trend was verified for the with UV light method to produce greater marks, and the no UV light method, to produce a greater rate of samples with AR before polishing (p = 0.015). AR removal with light was significantly quicker in comparison with the no UV light method (p < 0.0001). The use of UV light may aid orthodontists in removing AR more thoroughly and in less time. However, they should receive special training to apply this technology, and should never dismiss the final polishing procedure.