Mouth floor enlargements (MFE) are observed in edentulous and partially edentulous patients, impairing denture fitting, and have recently been described in the literature as hyperplasias of the sublingual glands.Objective:This study aims at describing the microscopic aspects of MFE that contribute to their final diagnosis.Methods:Twenty-four specimens were surgically removed from the enlarged mouth floor of 19 patients (15 females and 4 males). Patient age ranged from 48 to 74 years, with a mean of 57 years. The main surgical indication was to permit or improve the fitting of dentures. Six patients were completely edentulous and 13 were partially edentulous. The material was processed for microscopic examination and stained with hematoxylin-eosin, Mallory's trichrome and periodic-acid Schiff (PAS).Results and Conclusions:The epithelium of the mouth floor was normal in 17 cases, hyperplastic in 4 and atrophic in 3. Six of the 24 sublingual glands removed were microscopically normal, while the other specimens presented acinar atrophy with hyperplasia of duct-like structures. Interstitial fibrosis was observed in 18 cases and was accompanied by adipose tissue infiltration in 15. Decreased lymphoid tissue was observed in 16 samples and oncocytosis was present in 5 cases. We suggest that MFE in edentulous or partially edentulous patients should be considered as an entity for the text books.

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Objective This retrospective and observational study evaluated the accuracy of a 3D virtual surgical planning (VSP) for the maxillary positioning and orientation in patients undergoing bimaxillary orthognathic surgery, comparing the planned and postoperative outcomes. Setting and Sample Population Seventy consecutive patients of both sexes, who were submitted to bimaxillary orthognathic surgery between 2015 and 2019 were included in our study. Material and Methods The patients were evaluated by fusing preoperative planning and postoperative outcome using cone‐beam computed tomography scan evaluation. Three‐dimensional VSP and postoperative outcomes were compared by using three linear and three angular measurements. The main outcome interest was the difference between the VSP movement, and the surgical movement obtained. The success criterion adopted was a mean linear difference of <2 mm and a mean angular difference of <4°. Results Results were analysed using a linear mixed model with fixed and random effects, at α = .05. No significant statistical differences were found for linear and angular measurements between the planned and postsurgical outcomes (P > .05). All overlapping points presented values within the range considered clinically irrelevant (<2 mm; <1°). Conclusions Three‐dimensional VSP was executed with a high degree of accuracy. When comparing the planned and postsurgical outcomes, all overlapping points presented values within the range considered clinically irrelevant.

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Objectives To assess changes in the maxillary sinus (MS) and pharyngeal airway space (PAS) after bimaxillary orthognathic surgery using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Materials and Methods The CBCT scans of 48 patients were divided into two groups: group 1: maxillary advancement and mandibular setback (n = 24); group 2: maxillomandibular advancement (n = 24). The CBCTs were acquired 1 to 2 months preoperatively and 6 to 8 months postoperatively. A kappa test was used to determine intra- and interexaminer agreement. Area, volume, and linear measurements of MSs and PASs obtained before and after surgery were compared using a mixed model (P &lt; .05). Results All variables of the MS showed significant postsurgical reductions in both groups, except the MS length, which showed a significant increase in group 2. Volume and minimum axial area of PAS showed statistically significant postsurgical increases in both groups (P &lt; .05). Conclusions Despite the reduction in the MS and the increase in the PAS, results indicated that the airway was not negatively affected after maxillomandibular advancement and maxillary advancement with mandibular setback.

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