The study prepared a nanoemulsion with a diterpenoid isoprenoid alcohol called phytol (PYT) and subsequently tested it for antioxidant capacity. For this, PYT-loaded nanoemulsion was prepared by phase inversion method and both PYT-containing nanoemulsion (PNE) and PYT-free nanoemulsion (PFNE) (2-16 µM) were tested for antiradical activity (DPPH•: 1,1-dipheny-picrylhydrazyl radical; ABTS•+: azino-bisethylbenzthiazoline-sulfonic acid; •OH: hydroxyl radical scavenging; NO•: nitrite oxide radical), lipid peroxidation (LP), reduction potential (RP), and inhibition of hemolysis (HL) in rat erythrocytes in comparison with an α-tocopherol analogue (Trolox -TRO -positive control). In addition, an in vivo test was performed with wildtype and deficient Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains using hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) as a stressor. Results suggest that PNE exhibited higher antioxidant than the PFNE. Increasing doses reveled antioxidant capacity in a dose-dependent manner. In the S. cerevisiae study, both PFNEand PNE-treated groups exhibited decreased rates of survival with the highest doses, whichever in the presence of stressor increased the survival rates, which indicates antioxidative defense capacity of PYT. In this occasion, PNE exhibited prominent antioxidative defense in the presence of stressor rather than PFNE. In conclusion, PYT exhibited potential antioxidant activity but at high concentration it was toxic to the yeast cells. The production of PYT-nanoemulsions may be relevant to the pharmaceutical sciences.

Mata aMOF da et al. 680rev assoC med bras 2016; 62(7):680-686 This review is aimed at the systematic mapping of ascorbic acid in the prevention and/or treatment of cancer in clinical and non-clinical studies from 2011 to 2015, in order to understand dose-response variations as well as its mechanisms of action as an antioxidant and antitumor agent. Seventy-eight articles were retrieved from the PubMed/Bireme database, of which only 30 included ascorbic acid in the prevention and/or treatment of cancer. However, there are controversies regarding doses and a lack of clinical studies featuring its mechanism of action more clearly. Other studies are needed to understand dose-response variations, as well as its targeting mechanisms of action, both as an antioxidant and antitumor agent, to assist treatment and prevention of cancer, aiming at better quality of life for both patients and the general population.

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As espécies de nematoides das galhas, Meloidogyne incognita e M. javanica, causam prejuízos em cultivos de cana-de-açúcar em todo o país. O uso de variedades resistentes de cana destaca-se como medida ideal no manejo desses nematoides. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar o comportamento de genótipos RB de cana-de-açúcar em relação ao parasitismo das espécies de nematoides das galhas M. incognita e M. javanica, em condição de casa de vegetação. As avaliações foram realizadas 120 dias após a inoculação de 9000 ovos por planta. Houve diferença significativa (P ≤ 0,05) entre os genótipos RB para todas as variáveis de desenvolvimento da planta, para ambas as espécies de nematoides. Todos os genótipos analisados foram suscetíveis (FR ≥ 1,0) à M. incognita e M. javanica; porém, alguns genótipos apresentaram fator de reprodução (FR) inferior ao do tratamento controle. O genótipo RB071001 se destacou com relação as suas respostas biométricas frente ao parasitismo das espécies de nematoides, podendo ser considerado como tolerante ao ataque dos mesmos. Diante da ausência de variedades de cana-de-açúcar resistentes aos nematoides das galhas, plantas que se mostram tolerantes, com relativamente baixo FR, podem ser uma alternativa viável em etapas preliminares até o desenvolvimento de variedades resistentes.

Molecular epidemiological studies have identified several risk factors linking to the genes and external factors in the pathogenesis of breast cancer. In this sense, genetic instability caused by DNA damage and DNA repair inefficiencies are important molecular events for the diagnosis and prognosis of therapies. Therefore, the objective of this study was to analyze correlation between sociocultural, occupational, and lifestyle risk factors with levels of genetic instability in non-neoplastic cells of breast cancer patients. Total 150 individuals were included in the study that included 50 breast cancer patients submitted to chemotherapy (QT), 50 breast cancer patients submitted to radiotherapy (RT), and 50 healthy women without any cancer. Cytogenetic biomarkers for apoptosis and DNA damage were evaluated in samples of buccal epithelial and peripheral blood cells through micronuclei and comet assay tests. Elder age patients (61–80 years) had higher levels of apoptosis (catriolysis by karyolysis) and DNA damage at the diagnosis (baseline damage) with increased cell damage during QT and especially during RT. We also reported the increased frequencies of cytogenetic biomarkers in patients who were exposed to ionizing radiation as well as for alcoholism and smoking. QT and RT induced high levels of fragmentation (karyorrhexis) and nuclear dissolution (karyolysis) and DNA damage. Correlations were observed between age and karyorrhexis at diagnosis; smoking and karyolysis during RT; and radiation and karyolysis during QT. These correlations indicate that risk factors may also influence the genetic instability in non-neoplastic cells caused to the patients during cancer therapies.

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PALAVRAS-CHAVE Glycine max Resistência Meloidogyne incognita Meloidogyne javanica KEYWORDS Glycine max Resistance Meloidogyne incognita Meloidogyne javanica RESUMO: O presente trabalho objetivou avaliar o potencial de reação de 35 cultivares de soja ao parasitismo de Meloidogyne javanica e M. incognita. Os cultivares foram inoculados com 2.000 ovos/juvenis das espécies dos respectivos nematoides na superfície do solo de cada tratamento. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, com cinco repetições para cada tratamento. Aos sessenta dias após inoculação, foram quantificadas as ações parasitárias nos sistemas radiculares, bem como estimado o fator de reprodução (FR) e as principais características agronômicas desses cultivares. Todos os cultivares foram parasitados pelos nematoides, com fator de reprodução (FR) variando entre 0,06 a 0,24 e 0,02 a 0,84 para M. incognita e M. javanica, respectivamente, indicando que os cultivares se comportaram como resistentes, com FR < 1. Os parâmetros agronômicos, mesmo assim, foram afetados pela ação parasitária dos fitonematoides. Contudo, os cultivares P98Y70, 99R03 e FTS 4188 se mostraram mais eficientes.