Latar belakang: Sel punca asal lipoaspirat (SPL) sangat menjanjikan di bidang kedokteran regeneratif, misalnya untuk menyembuhkan infark miokard akut. Untuk memperbanyak sel punca biasanya digunakan medium yang mengandung fetal bovine serum (FBS). Akan tetapi, untuk aplikasi klinis, FBS mengandung xeno-protein yang mungkin menimbulkan reaksi imun dan penolakan bila diberikan pada pasien. Platelet rich plasma (PRP) adalah salah satu calon pengganti FBS. Penelitian ini bertujuan membandingkan proliferasi SPL yang dikultur dalam medium yang mengandung 5% PRP, 10% PRP, dan FBS (MesenCult®). Metode: SPL dikultur dalam DMEM 5% PRP, DMEM/10% PRP dan MesenCult®. Sesudah kultur primer menjadi konfluens, sel dipanen menggunakan TrypLE Select, dan ditabur kembali (sekitar 20.000 sel hidup) pada wadah baru, dalam medium yang sama dengan sebelumnya. Pasase dilakukan sampai pasase-5, dengan enam replikasi. Population doubling time (PDT) dari ketiga kelompok dianalisis menggunakan uji Kruskal Wallis. Hasil: SPL menunjukkan kecepatan proliferasi yang berbeda saat dikultur dalam DMEM/5% PRP, DMEM/10% PRP dan MesenCult®. PDT ketiga kelompok pada pasase 1-5 menunjukkan perbedaan bermakna (p < 0,05), dengan urutan PDT terendah pada kultur dengan medium DMEM/10% PRP.
Mitragyna is a genus belonging to the Rubiaceae family and is a plant endemic to Asia and Africa. Traditionally, the plants of this genus were used by local people to treat some diseases from generation to generation. Mitragyna speciosa (Korth.) Havil. is a controversial plant from this genus, known under the trading name “kratom”, and contains more than 40 different types of alkaloids. Mitragynine and 7-hydroxymitragynine have agonist morphine-like effects on opioid receptors. Globally, Mitragyna plants have high economic value. However, regulations regarding the circulation and use of these commodities vary in several countries around the world. This review article aims to comprehensively examine Mitragyna plants (mainly M. speciosa) as potential pharmacological agents by looking at various aspects of the plants. A literature search was performed and information collected using electronic databases including Scopus, ScienceDirect, PubMed, directory open access journal (DOAJ), and Google Scholar in early 2020 to mid-2021. This narrative review highlights some aspects of this genus, including historical background and botanical origins, habitat, cultivation, its use in traditional medicine, phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicity, abuse and addiction, legal issues, and the potential of Mitragyna species as pharmaceutical products.
The current study mainly aims to apply and optimize the microwave-assisted natural deep eutectic solvent extraction (MANDESE) method of total polyphenol content from Mitragyna speciosa (Korth.) Havil leaves using response surface methodology (RSM) and its extraction mechanism using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging. The extraction process was performed using the maceration and MANDESE method. Total polyphenols content was examined using Folin-Ciocalteu reagent and spectrophotometer UV-Vis. The extraction mechanism was performed using SEM imaging. The extraction condition as experimental design variable factors for optimization using RSM included NADES composition ratio, the liquid-solid ratio, extraction time, and microwave power. The results show that the MANDESE with some different combinations of NADES composition is more effective than a maceration. SEM imaging result shows that the levels of damage of cells and cell walls were more severe after extraction. The optimum extraction condition has obtained the NADES composition ratio of 3 g/g (choline chloride/sorbitol) and the liquid-solid ratio of 20 mL/g for 20 min extraction time with 60% Watts microwave power. The scale-up confirmation test was obtained the total polyphenols content of 526.12 µg GAE/g sample. This finding demonstrated the optimum condition of the MANDESE method and performed efficiently, rapidly, safely, and environmentally friendly.
: Human adipose derived stem cells (hADSCs) can be cultured in outdated platelet lysate (PL) containing medium. Processing of thrombocyte concentrate to get PL can be done by various freeze-thaw cycles. There was no information whether various processed PL containing media gave the same proliferation potential and surface marker expressions. Therefore, the aim of this study was to know the proliferation and surface marker characteristics of hADSCs after expansion in various processed PL containing media. hADCSs were cultured in various processed PL containing media, namely F1, F2, and F3, where the numbers denoted once, twice and three times freeze-thaw cycles. Proliferations were measured on day-2, day-4, day-7, and day-10. Positive surface markers were CD90, CD73, and CD105, while negative markers were a cocktail of CD34, CD45, CD11b, CD19, and HLA-DR. Difference in proliferations and surface marker expressions between F1, F2, and F3 were analyzed by one-way ANOVA. We found that cell proliferation in F1, F2, and F3 showed no significant difference on day-7 and day-10. The expression levels of CD90 and CD 105 in F1, F2, and F3 were all above 90%, which correspond with mesenchymal stem cells according to the requirement of International Society for Cell Therapy (ISCT). However, CD73 showed highest (97%) expression on F2 and lowest on F3 (81.8%). Negative marker range was 2.4-2.9%. In Conclusion, at the end of culture, hADSCs showed similar profile and proliferation, when cultured in F1, F2, and F3.
One of the plants that has been used for generations in Borneo is kratom or Mitragyna speciosa. The leaves are used as analgesics and antidepressants. The plant is grown for export to countries other than Indonesia where consumption of this plant as a beverage is still legal, generally in tea from leaves brewed with hot water or tea bags. Some researches found that tea products from kratom leaves contained potentially dangerous levels of toxic metals and microbes. This study aims to examine the food contaminants in tea products from three types of kratom tea leaves used by the people of Borneo: Red, white, and green kratom variants.Bacterial colony tests for red kratom samples produced 2.9 x 10 -3 colony forming unit (CFU)/gram. In comparison, white kratom samples produced 9.9 x 10 -3 CFU/gram and green kratom samples produced 2.9 x 10 -3 CFU/ gram. White kratom samples produced the highest CFU compared to red and green samples. Red kratom samples produced an uncountable number of yeasts at 10 -2 and 10 -3 dilution, while at 10 -4 dilution, it produced a total of 4.8 x 10 -5 CFU/gram. White kratom samples produced 3.04 x 10 -4 CFU/gram and green kratom samples produced 1.7 x 10 -4 CFU/gram. Red kratom samples produced the highest number among the three samples, while green kratom produced the lowest number. Identification with other specific media, namely Eosin Methylene Blue Agar (EMBA) and Salmonella-Shigella Agar (SSA), produced negative results for all samples. The red samples produced the highest of 6.6% b/b sample compared to 6.1% of white and 5.2% of green samples. All samples produced a positive qualitative test of mitragynine alkaloid. White kratom samples showed the highest Cd and Cu contamination, green kratom samples showed the highest Pb contamination and red samples showed the highest Hg contamination. Before preclinical and human clinical trial, it is advised to sterilize herbal simplicias of kratom as they tend to induce bacterial and fungal colonization. In some countries where kratom beverages are still legal, before the leaves were prepared for sale as tea it is better to
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