World Health Organization (WHO) has declared the novel corona virus (COVID-19) as a pandemic due to its high transmission and the rapid spread of the COVID-19. Along these lines, there is a need for more research about risk factors that can affect the spread of COVID-19 and its fatality. Therefore, this study aims to analyze risk factors in patients who died from COVID-19 at the Mohammad Hoesin Hospital in Palembang, South Sumatra, Indonesia. This study used a cross-sectional approach. The data were collected from all patients who died with suspected, probable, and confirmed status until September 2020 Data on death due to COVID-19 were collected with suspect, probable, and confirmed status. The results showed that comorbidity became the most dominant factor (62.1%) with (OR Adj) 3.780 (1.000 – 3.168) after controlling for contact history with confirmed cases and sex. There were differences in the mean age and length of stay in patients with confirmed COVID-19 and not. Prevention of death in COVID-19 patients can be done by controlling comorbidities and contact history with positive cases of COVID-19.
An efficient and improved one-pot method for the synthesis of galactofuranosides via iodine-promoted cyclization of galactose diethyl dithioacetal in the presence of alcohol, acting both as solvent and nucleophile, is described. The reaction is carried out at room temperature. Alcohols, such as methanol, cyclohexanol and tert-butanol, were used as nucleophiles for the reaction using 2%, 3% and 5% iodine promoter, respectively. A key finding in this study was that the iodine-promoted cyclization of galactose diethyl dithioacetal with alcohol led to selective formation of β-galactofuranoside allowing the efficient preparation of derivatives of this monosaccharide.
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection has detrimental impacts on the lives of different population groups living with HIV, including men who have sex with men (MSM). Using the World Health Organization Quality of Life questionnaire, this study aimed to assess the health-related quality of life of men living with HIV with different sexual orientations and to determine the dominant influential factors. This cross-sectional study involved 206 men living with HIV. They were recruited from the Sriwijaya Plus Foundation and a medical facility that provided antiretroviral therapy. The data were analyzed using Chi-square and binomial logistic regression. The analysis showed that the percentage of MSM patients was greater than that of non-MSM patients, accounting for 68.9% of the total population. The multivariate logistic regression revealed that the most dominant influential factor was depression status (PR = 5.417; 95% CI = 2.473–11.876), with the majority of the depressed patients being 5.417 times more at risk of a lower quality of life compared to others. These findings suggest that depression can lead to a low quality of life among HIV patients.
Background: COVID-19 causes a high death toll, illness, and economic losses. Transmission of the virus occurs from human to human and has spread to more than 200 countries. The purpose of this research is to determine the relationship between close contact and the COVID-19 incident in South Sumatra, Indonesia. Methods: This research used an observational analysis with a cross-sectional design. The population in this study was all COVID-19 patients and those who had close contact with COVID-19 patients in South Sumatra. The data were analyzed using univariate, bivariate, and multivariate tests. The bivariate analysis uses the chi-square test, while the multivariate analysis uses the logistic regression test. Results: The results show that close contact was related to the incidence of COVID-19 with a P value of 0.00 and an odds ratio adjusted (ORAdj) of 3.59 (95% CI: 2.93–4.39) after the variables of record of visiting local transmission areas, record of visiting health facilities, record of contact with suspected cases, and record of contact with confirmed cases were controlled. Conclusion: The transmission of close contact within families such as households was very high. A transmission could occur between a husband and wife and people who lived in the same house and shared plates while eating. To prevent a broader transmission, people who had close contact with COVID-19 needed to be quarantined. We could carry out public health interventions globally to fight against the pandemic based on these results.
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