Teniendo a la vista el estado actual del derecho de contratos, el presente artículo indaga sobre la justificación normativa de diversos deberes de conducta derivados de la buena fe. Se procura demostrar que algunos deberes encuentran su justificación normativa en un modelo de individualismo desinteresado –que, en términos generales, impone la necesidad de no lesionar los legítimos intereses del otro–, mientras que otros la encuentran en un modelo de altruismo moderado –que, en determinadas hipótesis, impone un deber de sacrificar o poner en riesgo la satisfacción de los intereses propios–. Se concluye que, aunque buena parte de los deberes derivados de la buena fe encuentran su justificación normativa en un modelo de altruismo moderado, la buena fe reposa sobre una fundamentación normativa dual en el estado actual del derecho de contratos.
Contractual fairness and the will’s role on the bindingness of contracts can be regarded as essential elements for the task of juridically argument that it is possible to find enough tools within the law of obligations to protect the contracting party that is in a weak position with respect to the other. In this sense, it is not necessary to have the status of a consumer to be entitled to the aforementioned protection, since such regime can be articulated from particular notions integrated to our legal system. In this framework, the modern interpretation of legitimate trust and contractual equilibrium are stressed. These notions can be inspired by the favor debilis criterion rather than the notion of good faith. This criterion is fundamental to define the directive line of this work.
Este trabajo tiene por objeto abordar la integración del riesgo en esquemas de responsabilidad civil vigentes en algunas latitudes. En el ejercicio se han revisado con especial interés fuentes normativas y de doctrina propias del derecho chileno como francés de la responsabilidad civil. Se concluye en que la consecuencia inmediata del riesgo, en cuanto fundamento del instituto resarcitorio, obedece a la formación de modelos de responsabilidad sin culpa, llegando en Francia a sentar las bases de un principio general de responsabilidad estricta por el hecho de las cosas. Nos manifestamos por suscribir el planteamiento en el que subyace el indicado principio; lo entendemos como una alternativa efectiva en aras de armonizar las alteraciones que provoca la multiplicación de esquemas sectoriales. Si bien en Chile el fenómeno aún no se presenta con fuerza, consideramos pertinente postular prospectivamente la herramienta, adoptando como parámetro la experiencia francesa.
El presente comentario se refiere las condiciones necesarias para configurar la culpa de la víctima. En particular, nos detenemos en la necesidad de que la víctima sea consciente de los riesgos que implica la actividad, criterio con el que razona tanto la sentencia citada, como otros fallos.
In this work we intend to highlight some questionings regarding the application of the theory of the equivalence of the conditions as well as the theory of adequate causation in the resolution of complex causal issues. Said complex issues involve factual characteristics that do not allow determining harmful effects for later qualifying them as damages (at least from a sensible sense of justice). Regarding the first theory, it is stated that since there are damages whose origin can only be attributed to omissions, the causal approach of mental suppression loses relevance; The same thing happens in contexts of alternative or hypothetical causation, in which it is essential to resort to statutory criteria to respond to these complex issues. Regarding the latter theory, it is argued that it reveals complexities, mainly its connection with foreseeability, which can be seen both in the context of the an debeatur and of quantum respondentur, which are part of the stages of any liability judgment. This occurs when determining the scope of those who are deemed liable. In this latter case the distinction between adequate causation and negligence is not really appreciated; the same occurs in the determination of damages; if this latter theory were followed, the principle of comprehensive damage provided for by our legal system would be violated, at least for non-contractual liability, in accordance with the provisions of article 2329 of the Civil Code (CC).
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