Palm Fatty Acid Distillate (PFAD), a by-product of CPO industry, contains approx. 82%-wt of free fatty acids, which can be utilized as raw material for Magnesium Salts of Fatty Acids (Mg-PFAD). The objectives of the experiment were to produce Mg-PFAD salts through saponification-fusion reaction of PFAD at low temperature and ambient pressure and investigate the effect of MgO to fatty acid molar ratio on reaction conversion and yield. Next, washing Mg-PFAD salts with ethanol was able to facilitate the recovery of vitamin E (tocopherol and tocotrienol) from PFAD. Composition of Mg-PFAD were determined by AAS and GC analysis. Based on the data, yield of Mg-PFAD was increased by the increased of MgO to PFAD molar ratio. Mg-content of the product was within the standard according to FAO reference (4-5%-wt). Reaction was completed within 5-7 min after the addition of H2O (as catalyst).
Averrhoa bilimbi is a plant rich in benefits, one of which as natural coagulant. The aim of this research is to increase the potential of Averrhoa bilimbi as an environmentally friendly natural coagulant for the coagulation of rubber clone PB 260. The concentrations of Averrhoa bilimbi used were 45%, 55%, 65%, 75% and 85%. The characteristics of the rubber tested were dry rubber content (DRC), initial plasticity (Po) and Plasticity Retention Index (PRI). Based on the results of this study, the optimum concentration of Averrhoa bilimbi is 85% for latex coagulation time of 11 minutes with 33% DRC, 41% Po and 97% PRI. The highest the concentration of Averrhoa bilimbi used, the faster the coagulation process occurred. 2% formic acid was used as a chemical coagulant for comparison. From the results of this study, it can be concluded that Averrhoa bilimbi can be used as a natural coagulant producing rubber characteristics equal in quality as the ones using formic acid as a chemical coagulant and meets Indonesian Rubber Standard SNI 06-1903-2000.
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