Background: Evidence of an association between dairy product and main related dairy nutrient intake, and the asthenozoospermia risk have been limited and controversial.Methods: A hospital-based case-control study including 549 men with asthenozoospermia and 581 normozoospermic controls was carried out in the infertility clinics of Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University between June, 2020 and December, 2020. Dietary intake was assessed with a validated food frequency questionnaire. According to the World Health Organization guidelines, semen parameters were collected through masturbation and were measured with WLJY9000 instrument and flow cytometry. The daily intake of dairy products and related nutrients was categorized into three groups according to control distribution, and the lowest tertile was used as the reference category. An unconditional multiple logistic regression was used to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for asthenozoospermia risk.Results: After adjustment for potential confounders, we found no statistically significant associations between the intake of total dairy products and asthenozoospermia risk (ORT3vs.T1 = 1.19, 95%CI = 0.85–1.67). Additionally, we generated null findings regarding the main related nutrients from dairy, including protein (ORT3vs.T1 = 1.19, 95%CI = 0.85–1.68), fat (ORT3vs.T1 = 1.28, 95%CI = 0.91–1.80), calcium (ORT3vs.T1 = 1.20, 95%CI = 0.85–1.68), saturated fatty acids (ORT3vs.T1 = 1.30, 95%CI = 0.92–1.83), and phosphorous (ORT3vs.T1 = 1.18, 95%CI = 0.84–1.67), and the asthenozoospermia risk. Of note, after stratification by body mass index (BMI), and the saturated fatty acids consumption from dairy was significantly associated with a higher asthenozoospermia risk (ORT3vs.T1 = 1.76, 95%CI = 1.01–3.09) among participants with a BMI below 25 kg/m2.Conclusion: This study provided limited evidence of an association between the intake of total dairy products and the main related dairy nutrients including protein, fat, calcium, saturated fatty acids, and phosphorus, and the asthenozoospermia risk. Further studies are warranted to confirm our findings in the future.
ObjectiveWe aimed to examine associations of diet quality scores, including the dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH), alternate Healthy Eating Index (AHEI), and Chinese Healthy Eating Index (CHEI) with asthenoteratozoospermia risk in China.MethodsAmong 254 cases and 633 controls in a hospital-based case–control study in Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China, DASH, AHEI, and CHEI were calculated using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Asthenotetrazoospermia was evaluated according to World Health Organization guidelines. Unconditional multiple logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between quality diet scores and asthenoteratozoospermia risk.ResultsWe found that the CHEI score was inversely associated with asthenoteratozoospermia risk, with ORs of 0.59 (95% CI 0.39, 0.88) and 0.59 (95% CI 0.39, 0.88) for the 2nd and 3rd tertiles vs. the 1st tertile, respectively (P trend < 0.05). In addition, our data indicated that each standard deviation increase in CHEI, AHEI-2010, and DASH score was associated with 19, 13, and 17% decreased risk of asthenoteratozoospermia, respectively.ConclusionOur findings suggest that higher adherence to the CHEI, AHEI-2010, and DASH diet quality scores may reduce the risk of asthenoteratozoospermia, especially for younger participants.
Sleep has been related to a variety of health outcomes. However, no association between sleep and asthenozoospermia has been reported. The aim of this study is to first investigate the relationship between sleep status and asthenozoospermia risk. A case-control study, including 540 asthenozoospermia cases and 579 controls, was performed from June 2020 to December 2020 in the infertility clinic from Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University. Data on sleep status were collected by Pittsburgh sleep quality index questionnaires and asthenozoospermia was diagnosed based on the World Health Organization guidelines. Odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (95% CI) was calculated by logistic regression analysis to assess the aforementioned association. Results of this study demonstrated that compared with total sleep duration of 8–9 h/day, < 8 h/day was related to asthenozoospermia risk (OR: 1.44, 95% CI: 1.05–1.99); compared to good sleep quality, poor sleep quality was associated with asthenozoospermia risk (OR: 1.35; 95% CI: 1.04–1.77). There were multiplicative model interaction effects between sleep quality and tea drinking (p = 0.04), rotating night shift work (p < 0.01) on asthenozoospermia risk. However, we failed to detect any associations between night sleep duration, daytime napping duration, night bedtime, wake-up time, sleep pattern and asthenozoospermia risk. In conclusion, short total sleep duration and poor sleep quality might be related to asthenozoospermia risk. Further well-designed prospective studies are warranted to confirm our findings.
Infertility is defined as the failure to conceive after at least one year of unprotected intercourse. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are transcripts that contain more than 200 nucleotides but do not convert into proteins. LncRNAs, particularly lncRNA H19, have been linked to the emergence and progression of various diseases. This review focuses on the role of H19 in infertility caused by polycystic ovary syndrome, endometriosis, uterine fibroids, diminished ovarian reserve, male factor, and assisted reproductive technology-related pathology, highlighting the potential of H19 as a molecular target for the future treatment of infertility.
Background: Researches on the association of dairy products consumption with Oligo-astheno-teratozoospermia (OAT) risk has been limited and controversial. Therefore, we aim to explore the aforementioned association among Chinese men.Methods: A hospital-based case-control study was conducted in men consisting of 106 cases of OAT and 581 controls. Intakes of dairy products and their related nutrients were collected using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire and semen quality was analyzed according to the World Health Organization guidelines. The daily intake of dairy products and their related nutrients was categorized into three groups with the lowest tertile serving as the reference category. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of association between dairy intake and OTA risk were calculated by the multivariable logistic regression models.Results: No significant association was found between total dairy (OR T3vs.T1 =1.53, 95% CI: 0.85–2.78), protein (OR T3vs.T1 =1.51, 95% CI: 0.84–2.75), or calcium (OR T3vs.T1 = 1.46, 95% CI: 0.81–2.66) and the OAT risk in the main findings. However, we observed a statistically significant positive association of dairy fat intake with OAT risk (OR T3vs.T1 =1.93, 95% CI: 1.06–3.58). The findings were consistent with the main results when we carried out subgroup analysis stratified by body mass index.Conclusion: A significant positive association was found between dairy fat intake and the risk of OAT. Further large-scale prospective studies are required to confirm this finding.
The essence of enterotypes is stratifying the entire human gut microbiome, and enterotypes modulates the association between diet and disease risk.We designed a study at the Center of Reproductive Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University and Jinghua Hospital of Shenyang. Prevotella and Bacteroides were measured in stool samples from 178 men with enterotype B (61 normal, 117 overweight/obese) and 229 men with enterotype P (74 normal, 155 overweight/obese). The ratio between Prevotella and Bacteroides abundance, P/B, was used as a simplified way to distinguish the predominant enterotype. In enterotype P, obesity was a risk factor for decreased rate of forward progressive sperm motility (odds ratio [OR] 3.350; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.881–5.966; P<0.001) and decreased rate of total sperm motility (OR 4.298; 95% CI 2.365–7.809; P<0.001). Obesity was also an independent risk factor (OR 3.131; 95% CI 1.749–5.607; P<0.001) after adjusting for follicle-stimulating hormone. In enterotype P, body mass index (BMI), as a diagnostic indicator of decreased rate of forward progressive sperm motility and decreased rate of decreased total sperm motility, had area under the curve values of 0.627 (P = 0.001) and 0.675 (P<0.0001), respectively, that were significantly higher than the predicted values in all patients. However, obesity was not a risk factor for asthenospermia, and there was no significant difference between obesity and sperm quality parameters in men with enterotype B (P>0.05). Our findings are the first to introduce enterotypes as a population-based individualized classification index to investigate the correlation between BMI and asthenospermia. In our study, overweight/obese men with enterotype P were found to have poorer sperm quality; however, sperm quality was not associated with overweight/obese in men with enterotype B. Besides, BMI is a risk factor for asthenospermia only in men with enterotype P but not in men with enterotype B.
STUDY QUESTION Are dietary phytochemicals associated with the risk of teratozoospermia? SUMMARY ANSWER Dietary intake of carotene, including total carotene, α-carotene, β-carotene as well as retinol equivalent, and lutein + zeaxanthin, were inversely correlated with the risk of teratozoospermia. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Phytochemicals are natural plant derived bioactive compounds, which have been reported to be potentially associated with male reproductive health. To date, no study has investigated the association between phytochemical intake and the risk of teratozoospermia. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION This hospital-based case-control study, which included 146 newly diagnosed teratozoospermia cases and 581 controls with normozoospermia from infertile couples, was conducted in a hospital-based infertility clinic in China, from June 2020 to December 2020. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Dietary information was collected using a validated semi-quantitative 110-item food frequency questionnaire. Unconditional logistic regression was applied to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs for the associations between phytochemical (i.e., phytosterol, carotene, flavonoid, isoflavone, anthocyanidin, lutein + zeaxanthin, and resveratrol) intake and the risk of teratozoospermia. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE We observed a decreased risk of teratozoospermia for the highest compared with the lowest tertile consumption of total carotene (OR = 0.40, 95% CI = 0.21-0.77), α-carotene (OR = 0.53, 95% CI = 0.30-0.93), β-carotene (OR = 0.47, 95% CI = 0.25-0.88), retinol equivalent (OR = 0.47, 95% CI = 0.24-0.90), and lutein + zeaxanthin (OR = 0.35, 95% CI = 0.19-0.66), with all of the associations showing evident linear trends (all P trend < 0.05). In addition, significant dose-response associations were observed between campestanol and α-carotene consumption and the risk of teratozoospermia. Moreover, there was a significant multiplicative interaction between BMI and lutein + zeaxanthin intake (P interaction < 0.05). LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION The cases and controls were not a random sample of the entire target population, which could lead to admission rate bias. Nevertheless, the controls were enrolled from the same infertility clinic, which could reduce the bias caused by selection and increase the comparability. Furthermore, our study only included a Chinese population, therefore caution is required regarding generalization of our findings to other populations. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Dietary phytochemicals, namely carotene, lutein, and zeaxanthin, might exert a positive effect on teratozoospermia. These phytochemicals are common in the daily diet and dietary supplements, and thus may provide a preventive intervention for teratozoospermia. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) : This study was funded by Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province (No. 2022-MS-219 to XB Wang), Outstanding Scientific Fund of Shengjing Hospital (No. M1150 to QJ Wu), Clinical Research Cultivation Project of Shengjing hospital (No. M0071 to BC Pan), and JieBangGuaShuai Project of Liaoning Province (No.2021JH1/1040050 to YH Zhao). All authors declare that there is no conflict of interest. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER N/A. WHAT DOES THIS MEAN FOR PATIENTS? Teratozoospermia, a condition which is characterized by the majority of sperm having an abnormal structure, is a common cause of male infertility yet, at present, there is no effective treatment. Available evidence indicates that several physiological, environmental, and genetic factors may cause teratozoospermia, but these factors are difficult to modify. Therefore, the identification of factors that could be changed is important for the prevention of teratozoospermia. Previous studies also report that diet, as a potentially modifiable factor, is correlated to sperm morphology. Phytochemicals are a group of naturally bioactive compounds that exist in multiple plant foods, and they may have effects on sperm quality. However, based on only a few studies, current evidence for an association between dietary phytochemical intake and risk of teratozoospermia is inconclusive. Hence, we performed a large case-control study where we compared 146 men with teratozoospermia to 581 healthy controls with normal sperm. Our results showed that dietary intake of phytochemicals, specifically carotene and lutein + zeaxanthin, was linked to a decreased risk of teratozoospermia. These findings shed some light on the effect of phytochemicals on the development of teratozoospermia. If further studies, also in non-Chinese populations, are carried out and confirm our results, the possibility may then exist to reduce sperm abnormalities in this condition through diet.
The essence of enterotypes is stratifying the entire human gut microbiome, which modulates the association between diet and disease risk. A study was designed at the Center of Reproductive Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University and Jinghua Hospital of Shenyang. Prevotella and Bacteroides were analyzed in 407 samples of stool, including 178 men with enterotype B (61 normal, 117 overweight/obese) and 229 men with enterotype P (74 normal, 155 overweight/obese). The ratio between Prevotella and Bacteroides abundance, P/B, was used as a simplified way to distinguish the predominant enterotype. In enterotype P group (P/B ≥ 0.01), obesity was a risk factor for a reduced rate of forward progressive sperm motility (odds ratio [OR] 3.350; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.881–5.966; P < 0.001), and a reduced rate of total sperm motility (OR 4.298; 95% CI 2.365–7.809; P < 0.001). Obesity was also an independent risk factor (OR 3.131; 95% CI 1.749–5.607; P < 0.001) after adjusting follicle-stimulating hormone. In enterotype P, body mass index, as a diagnostic indicator of a reduced rate of forward progressive sperm motility and a decreased rate of decreased total sperm motility, had AUC values of 0.627 (P = 0.001) and 0.675 (P < 0.0001), respectively, which were significantly higher than the predicted values in all patients. However, in enterotype B group (P < 0.01), obesity was not a risk factor for asthenospermia, where no significant difference between obesity and sperm quality parameters was observed. This study is tried to introduce enterotypes as a population-based individualized classification index to investigate the correlation between BMI and asthenospermia. In our study, overweight/obese men with enterotype P were found to have poorer sperm quality. however, sperm quality was not associated with overweight/obese in men with enterotype B. Thereof, BMI is a risk factor for asthenospermia only in men with enterotype P, but not in men with enterotype B.
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