-Siawash, R. 2004. Frequency of concentrate supplementation for cattle fed barley straw. 1. Effect on voluntary intake, ruminal straw disappearance, apparent digestibility and heat production. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 84: [455][456][457][458][459][460][461][462][463][464][465]. Five ruminally cannulated crossbred steers (474 ± 30 kg) were fed diets containing 70% barley straw and 30% concentrate in an unbalanced 5 × 5 Latin square design experiment to investigate the effects of frequency of feeding barley grain-based concentrates (daily, alternate days or every third day) with different dietary protein (7.9 and 11.5%) on voluntary intake of straw, ruminal disappearance of straw, apparent digestibility, and heat production. Neither frequency of feeding nor dietary protein concentration influenced voluntary intake of straw, nor did cattle eat differing amounts of straw on days when concentrate was fed in comparison with days when concentrate was not fed. Protein supplementation increased (P < 0.01) 24-h ruminal straw disappearance, but did not affect disappearances at other times. Concentrate feeding frequency had no influence on rate of ruminal disappearance of straw. Apparent digestibilities of dry matter, gross energy, acid detergent fibre (ADF) and crude protein were 5, 6, 8 and 33% higher (P < 0.05), respectively, in diets containing the high-protein concentrate, but were not affected by frequency of concentrate feeding. Heat production (kJ kg -0.75 ) tended to be reduced (P = 0.06) by 4% in steers fed concentrate on alternate days in comparison with steers fed concentrate daily. Dietary protein concentration had no influence on heat production even though digestible energy intake was 10% higher when the high protein concentrate diet was fed. It was concluded that concentrate can be fed every second day without any negative impact on intake and digestibility, with a possible benefit of a reduction in energy lost as heat. More research, however, is required to study the feasibility of feeding concentrate every third day.Key words: Cattle, straw, protein, feeding frequency, digestion, heat production Tellier, R. C., Mathison, G. W., Okine, E. K., McCartney, D. et Soofi-Siawash, R. 2004. Fréquence des apports de concentré pour les bovins nourris de paille d'orge. 1. Incidence sur l'indice de consommation, la disparition de la paille dans le rumen, la digestibilité apparente et la production de chaleur. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 84: 455-465. Cinq bouvillons hybrides (474 ± 30 kg) canulés au rumen ont reçu un régime composé à 70 % de paille d'orge et à 30 % de concentré dans le cadre d'une expérience en carré latin 5 × 5 non équilibré qui devait préciser les effets de la fréquence à laquelle un concentré d'orge à teneur variable en protéines (7,9 et 11,5 %) était servi (tous les jours, un jour sur deux ou aux trois jours) sur l'indice de consommation de la paille, la disparition de cette dernière dans le rumen, la digestibilité apparente et la production de chaleur. Ni la fréquence ni la concentration de protéines n'ont d'inf...
Ectomycorrhizae formation, seedling health index, and seedling survival were assessed for two-year-old nursery-grown seedlings of Pinus resinosa and Pinus strobus two months after planting in clear-cuts that had received prescribed burning under different fire intensities. Controls consisted of seedlings planted in unburned clear-cuts. Fire intensity positively correlated with percent ectomycorrhizal roots for P. strobus but not for P. resinosa. Seedling health index and survival were highest in burned-over sites as compared to control sites for both pine species. Fire intensity correlated with seedling health index for P. strobus but not for P. resinosa. Fire intensity correlated with seedling survival for both species. Colonization of seedlings by ectomycorrhizal fungi did not correlate with seedling health index or seedling survival. P. resinosa seedlings planted in burned-over sites had a smaller number of lateral roots per unit length primary/secondary roots compared to seedlings planted in control plots.
[467][468][469][470][471][472][473][474][475][476][477][478][479]. Five ruminally cannulated crossbred steers (474 ± 30 kg) were fed diets containing 70% barley straw and 30% concentrate in an unbalanced 5 × 5 Latin square design experiment to investigate the effects of frequency of feeding concentrate (daily, alternate days or every third day) with different dietary protein concentrations (7.9 and 11.5%) on ruminal liquid and particulate dilution rates, pH and metabolite concentrations. Dilution rates of cobalt-ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (Co-EDTA) and chromium-mordanted fibre did not differ when low-and high-protein concentrates were fed. Supplemental protein increased (P < 0.05) mean ruminal ammonia concentrations (3.3 vs. 1.6 mM), but had no influence on ruminal concentrations of organic acids. Frequency of concentrate feeding had no influence on dilution rate of digesta markers, pH or on mean ruminal concentrations of ammonia, lactic acid, propionic acid, isobutyric acid, valeric acid and isovaleric acid. Mean concentrations of total volatile fatty acids, acetic acid and butyric acid were, however, reduced (P < 0.05) when steers were fed concentrates on alternate days. The reduced (P < 0.01) ruminal acetic:propionic acid ratios observed in steers fed concentrates on alternate days were consistent with reduced heat productions. Positive relationships (P < 0.05) were obtained between heat production of steers and ruminal concentrations of isobutyric and valeric acids. It was concluded that the low-protein diet did not provide sufficient protein to meet microbial requirements and that under controlled feeding conditions cattle can be fed concentrate on alternate days or every third day without the occurrence of lactic acidosis. Additional research is warranted to examine the relationships between reduced heat production of steers fed concentrates on alternate days and ruminal concentration and production of organic acids. expérience en carré latin 5 × 5 non équilibré qui devait préciser les effets de la fréquence à laquelle un concentré à teneur variable en protéines (7,9 et 11,5 %) était servi (tous les jours, un jour sur deux ou aux trois jours) sur les fluides, le taux de dilution des particules, le pH et la concentration des métabolites dans le rumen. Le taux de dilution du cobalt-EDTA et des fibres mordancées au chrome ne varie pas avec la teneur en protéines du concentré. Le supplément protéique accroît (P < 0,05) la concentration moyenne d'ammoniaque dans le rumen (3,3 c. 1,6 mM), mais n'influe pas sur la concentration des acides organiques. La fréquence à laquelle on sert le concentré n'agit pas sur le taux de dilution des marqueurs des digest, sur le pH ni sur la concentration moyenne d'ammoniaque, d'acide lactique, d'acide propionique, d'acide isobutyrique, d'acide valérique et d'acide isovalérique dans le rumen. Toutefois, on remarque une baisse (P < 0,05) de la concentration moyenne des acides gras volatils, de l'acide acétique et de l'acide butyrique quand on donne le concentré aux bouvillo...
Effets du brirlage dirige et du scarifiage sur lf6tablissement des semis et sur leur interaction avec la vegetation concurrentetwo years after planting and the non-crop vegetation was assessed La survie et un indice de santC des plants ont Ct C CvaluCs pour les using a competition index developed for conifer management in deux premibres annCes de plantation, et la concurrence engendrhe Ontario. Our results show seedling survival rate, health, biomass par la vCgCtation a Ct C estimCe en utilisant un indice de concurand height to be improved when planted on burned-over or scarrence dCveloppC pour 1'amCnagement des coniferes en Ontario.ified sites and that fire intensity influences certain of those charNos rksultats montrent que le taux de survie, la sant4 la biomasse acteristics.et la hauteur des plants sont amClioks lors des dew premibres saisons de plantation, lorsque les plants sont plant& sur des sites bdilBs
The nutrient (N, P, K, Mg, and Ca) content of the aboveground Le contenu en elements nutritifs (N,P,K, Mg et Ca) de la vegeliving non-crop vegetation of a jack pine (Pinus banksiana tation croissant au dessus du sol, ne faisant pas partie de la recolte Lamb.) clear-cut in eastern Ontario was investigated for two years et provenant d'me coupe a blanc de pin gris (finus banhiam Lamb.) after site preparation, which consisted of prescribed burning de l'est de l'ontario, a ete analyse au cours des d e n annees under different fie intensities and disk trencher scarification. ~~t a l suivant la preparation du site effectuee par brillage dirige selon difplant nutrient content generally followed biomass accumulaferentes intensites de b~lage, et par scarifiage au moyen d'une herse tion with higher levels of plant N, P, ca, and in clear-cuts and a disques. Le contenu total en elements nutritifs des plantes corscarified sites than in burned-over sites, In the first growing respondait generalement a l'accumulation de biomasse, les plus season, concentrations of N, P, and K were higher in the vegehauts niveaux dans les plantes de N, P, Ca, et K se retrouvant dans les coupes a blanc et les sites scarifies plut6t que dans les sites br&les. tation of burned-over plots than in scarified and clear-cut plots.de saison de croissance, les concentrations Mg concentrations were greater in burned-over and scarified , , N, P, et etaient plus devks dans les des parcelles bdks plots than in the clear-cut plots. Ca concentrations did not differ que dans les parcelles a blanc et scarifiees. L~~ concenamong the of and and the total amount trations en Mg Ctaient plus &levees dans les parcelles bnilkes et scarof N, p and K in aboveground non-croP vegetation were coneifiees que dans les parcelles coupees a blanc. Les concentrations lated well with fire intensity at the end of the first growing seaen Ca n'ont pas varit selon les traitements. Les concentration en son whereas only K concentration and quantities were correlat-P et K, ainsi que le la quantite totale de N, P, et K dans la v t g b ed to fire intensity within two years after treatment.tation croissant au-dessus du sol et ne faisant pas partie de la recolte etaient bien correlees avec l'intensite du brillage a la fin de la preKey words: prescribed burning; disk trenching scarification; miere saison de croissance alors que seulement les concentrations fire; Pinus banksiana; nutrients et les quantites de K etaient correlees a l'intensite du brillage au cours des deux annees suivant le traitement.
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