Frequency of concentrate supplementation for cattle fed barley straw. 1. Effect on voluntary intake, ruminal straw disappearance, apparent digestibility and heat production

Tellier, Renée; Mathison, G. W.; Okine, E. K.; McCartney, D. H.; Soofi-Siawash, R.

doi:10.4141/a03-074

Cited by 9 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Mots clés: Sous-produits agricoles, résidus de culture, digestibilité, bovins en croissance, production, ensilage de lactosérum Conventional growing diets for beef cattle are predominantly forage-based, the levels of which influence performance (Tellier et al 2004). The utilization of less traditional feeds such as agricultural and industrial by-products combined 69 4 To whom correspondence should be addressed (e-mail: erasmus.okine@ualberta.ca).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…L'incorporation de 55 % d'ensilage accroît (P > 0,05) la digestibilité de la matière sèche de 12 % alors que l'addition de 65,5 % d'ensilage la diminue (P < 0,05) d'autant comparativement à la ration témoin, sans variation (P > 0,05) du pourcentage de digestibilité des fibres au détergent neutre. Les auteurs en concluent qu'on peut ajouter de 55 à 65,5 % de la matière sèche sous forme d'ensilage de lactosérum à la ration sans que la production des bovins s'en ressente comparativement à ceux nourris de foin de luzerne, d'ensilage de maïs et de gru blanc de blé.Mots clés: Sous-produits agricoles, résidus de culture, digestibilité, bovins en croissance, production, ensilage de lactosérum Conventional growing diets for beef cattle are predominantly forage-based, the levels of which influence performance (Tellier et al 2004). The utilization of less traditional feeds such as agricultural and industrial by-products combined 69 4 To whom correspondence should be addressed (e-mail: erasmus.okine@ualberta.ca).…”

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“…Small grain straws are other residue feeds that are available in North America for animal feeding but these have a low feeding value. For example, the DMI of straw by cattle has been estimated at 1.2 to 1.3% of body weight (Okine et al 1993), and this intake level may not be enough to meet the requirements for maintenance and growth of growing cattle (Okine et al 1993;Tellier et al 2004). Thus, combining and ensiling these feedstuffs can result in a preserved, palatable and nutritious feed for ruminants.…”

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Effects of feeding wheat straw and middlings ensiled with whey on digestibility and growth of cattle

ZoBell¹,

Okine²,

Olson³

et al. 2005

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

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. 2005. Effects of feeding wheat straw and middlings ensiled with whey on digestibility and growth of cattle. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 85: 69-74. Two studies were conducted with the objective of evaluating the effects of feeding different levels of whey ensiled with wheat straw and wheat middlings (whey silage) compared to control diets on production parameters in growing cattle. Whey silage was included in diets at 55 and 65.5% on a dry matter basis with net energy for maintenance and crude protein calculated to be similar to control diets containing a combination of alfalfa hay, corn silage and wheat middlings at 1.74 Mcal kg -1 and 13.4%, respectively. Dry matter intake averaged 8.41 versus 8.91 kg d -1 (P < 0.05) and 8.68 versus 7.09 kg d -1 (P < 0.05) when whey silage was included at either 55 or 65.5% of the diets compared to the control diets. Average daily gains of cattle fed whey silage incorporated at 55% was 1.00 versus 1.14 kg d -1 (P < 0.05), and reflected the difference in dry matter intake; no differences (P > 0.05) in feed efficiency (8.73:1 versus 8.71:1) were observed. However, the higher dry matter intake (DMI) of cattle fed diets with whey silage incorporated at 65.5% did not (P > 0.05) translate into higher average daily gain (1.23 versus 1.18 kg d -1 ), resulting in a higher (P < 0.05) feed to gain (7.00:1 versus 6.01:1) for the whey-based silage diets. Incorporation of whey silage in diets at 55% increased (P > 0.05) the dry matter digestibility by 12%, whereas incorporation at 65.5% decreased (P < 0.05) dry matter digestibility by 12% compared to control diets, with no differences (P > 0.05) in percent neutral detergent fiber digestibility (NDFD) at either level. We conclude that whey silage can be included at between 55 and 65.5% of the total dry matter in diets with no adverse effects on production compared to cattle fed diets containing a combination of alfalfa hay, corn silage and wheat middlings. Key words:Agricultural by products, crop residues, digestibility, growing cattle, production, whey silage ZoBell, D. R., Okine, E. K., Olson, K. C., Wiedmeier, R. D., Goonewardene, L. A. et Stonecipher, C. 2005. Digestibilité de la paille et du gru blanc de blé ensilés avec du lactosérum et incidence sur la croissance des bovins. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 85: 69-74. Les auteurs ont effectué deux études afin d'évaluer les effets d'une quantité variable de lactosérum ensilé avec de la paille et du gru blanc de blé (ensilage de lactosérum) sur les paramètres de production de bovins en croissance, comparativement à ceux nourris avec une ration témoin. L'ensilage a été ajouté à la ration à raison de 55 ou de 65,5 % de la quantité de matière sèche, avec ajustement de l'énergie nette essentielle et des protéines brutes pour qu'elles soient identiques à celles de la ration témoin faite de foin de luzerne, d'ensilage de maïs et de gru blanc de blé (1,74 Mcal par kg et 13,4 %, respectivement). L'ingestion de matière sèche s'établissait en moyenne à 8,41 kg par jour contre 8,91 (P < 0,05) et à 8,68 kg par jour cont...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Effects of feeding wheat straw and middlings ensiled with whey on digestibility and growth of cattle

ZoBell¹,

Okine²,

Olson³

et al. 2005

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

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“…The results obtained by Tellier et al (2004) in a companion study raised some important questions. First, although lactate did not accumulate when the frequency of feeding concentrates was reduced to less than once daily in the study of Beaty et al (1994), lactic acidosis is of such importance that the effect of alternate day feeding of concentrates on ruminal lactate concentrations needs to be re-examined.…”

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“…Provision of supplemental feeds to straw-based diets to increase intakes of digestible energy and protein is desirable. However, these supplements are expensive; thus the feasibility of reducing frequency of feeding concentrates and the protein content of diets has been examined (Tellier et al 2004). …”

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Frequency of concentrate supplementation for cattle fed barley straw. 2. Ruminal dilution rates, pH and metabolite concentrations

Tellier¹,

Mathison²,

Okine³

et al. 2004

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

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[467][468][469][470][471][472][473][474][475][476][477][478][479]. Five ruminally cannulated crossbred steers (474 ± 30 kg) were fed diets containing 70% barley straw and 30% concentrate in an unbalanced 5 × 5 Latin square design experiment to investigate the effects of frequency of feeding concentrate (daily, alternate days or every third day) with different dietary protein concentrations (7.9 and 11.5%) on ruminal liquid and particulate dilution rates, pH and metabolite concentrations. Dilution rates of cobalt-ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (Co-EDTA) and chromium-mordanted fibre did not differ when low-and high-protein concentrates were fed. Supplemental protein increased (P < 0.05) mean ruminal ammonia concentrations (3.3 vs. 1.6 mM), but had no influence on ruminal concentrations of organic acids. Frequency of concentrate feeding had no influence on dilution rate of digesta markers, pH or on mean ruminal concentrations of ammonia, lactic acid, propionic acid, isobutyric acid, valeric acid and isovaleric acid. Mean concentrations of total volatile fatty acids, acetic acid and butyric acid were, however, reduced (P < 0.05) when steers were fed concentrates on alternate days. The reduced (P < 0.01) ruminal acetic:propionic acid ratios observed in steers fed concentrates on alternate days were consistent with reduced heat productions. Positive relationships (P < 0.05) were obtained between heat production of steers and ruminal concentrations of isobutyric and valeric acids. It was concluded that the low-protein diet did not provide sufficient protein to meet microbial requirements and that under controlled feeding conditions cattle can be fed concentrate on alternate days or every third day without the occurrence of lactic acidosis. Additional research is warranted to examine the relationships between reduced heat production of steers fed concentrates on alternate days and ruminal concentration and production of organic acids. expérience en carré latin 5 × 5 non équilibré qui devait préciser les effets de la fréquence à laquelle un concentré à teneur variable en protéines (7,9 et 11,5 %) était servi (tous les jours, un jour sur deux ou aux trois jours) sur les fluides, le taux de dilution des particules, le pH et la concentration des métabolites dans le rumen. Le taux de dilution du cobalt-EDTA et des fibres mordancées au chrome ne varie pas avec la teneur en protéines du concentré. Le supplément protéique accroît (P < 0,05) la concentration moyenne d'ammoniaque dans le rumen (3,3 c. 1,6 mM), mais n'influe pas sur la concentration des acides organiques. La fréquence à laquelle on sert le concentré n'agit pas sur le taux de dilution des marqueurs des digest, sur le pH ni sur la concentration moyenne d'ammoniaque, d'acide lactique, d'acide propionique, d'acide isobutyrique, d'acide valérique et d'acide isovalérique dans le rumen. Toutefois, on remarque une baisse (P < 0,05) de la concentration moyenne des acides gras volatils, de l'acide acétique et de l'acide butyrique quand on donne le concentré aux bouvillo...

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Minimum space requirements for cattle: An approach based on photographic records

et al. 2023

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Background:The space requirements for accommodating cattle during confinement are based on assessment of both the physical space occupied by the animals and that needed for essential behaviours. The aim of this study was to estimate the area (m 2 ) occupied by cattle of different liveweights in the static standing (ST), recumbency (SR) and sleeping (SL) postures. Methods: The study was conducted in Chile. The area (m 2 ) occupied by 26 female beef cross cattle with liveweights between 45 and 642 kg was estimated in the ST, SR and SL postures through planimetry using overhead photographs. The allometric coefficient k value was obtained for each posture using linear regression equations from the measured weight (kg 0.66 ) and area occupied. Results: Less but more variable space was occupied by each individual in the ST posture compared to SR or SL posture, with clear correlations between weight and occupied area. The k values obtained were 0.014 (ST), 0.023 (SR) and 0.021 (SL), which are all less than international recommendations for the same postures. Limitations: The methodology needs refinement to reduce the distance to the object optical effect in the different postures. Further work is also needed to determine additional space requirements for behavioural needs and movements associated with each posture and change of posture, depending on the type of confinement. Conclusions:We provide a scientific basis on which to objectively establish absolute minimum static space requirements for cattle of different breeds, types, weights and anatomical conformations and calculate k values.

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Frequency of concentrate supplementation for cattle fed barley straw. 1. Effect on voluntary intake, ruminal straw disappearance, apparent digestibility and heat production

Cited by 9 publications

References 26 publications

Effects of feeding wheat straw and middlings ensiled with whey on digestibility and growth of cattle

Effects of feeding wheat straw and middlings ensiled with whey on digestibility and growth of cattle

Frequency of concentrate supplementation for cattle fed barley straw. 2. Ruminal dilution rates, pH and metabolite concentrations

Minimum space requirements for cattle: An approach based on photographic records

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