This paper aims to find the microclimate aspect within the building form and configuration of five low-cost apartments (henceforth rusun) in Bandung, Indonesia. There are parallel, square, and interspersed plots investigated with specific discussion on the microclimate aspects that gain human perception of outdoor thermal comfort. The microclimate prognostic model, i.e., ENVI-met, was used to determine the mean radiant temperature (Tmrt), which was then used to describe the living quality of outdoor thermal comfort, i.e., PET (physiologically equivalent temperature) in a hot-humid climate context. A parallel plot with building orientation toward north-south was found as the most beneficial building form and configuration. Somehow, the parallel plot toward the west-east orientation did not provide similar performance. Nevertheless, the square plot provided uncomfortable perception as there was an absence of building shade within the wide open space and ground cover to absorb the insolation. The interspersed plot can be considered for the building configuration because it generates more wind among other plots. The building form and configuration of rusun with passive design seems to not be able to achieve outdoor thermal comfort. The highest PET value of Model D with the square plot had PET = 41 °C (hot) while the lowest PET in Model A with the parallel plot (N-S) had PET = 34.2 °C (slightly warm).
Global warming and climate change have led to the world energy crisis. While it also leads to the crisis of energy consumption, the main reason is still debatable among the researchers. However, the released of carbon emission in construction field is generally believed has triggered the phenomena and become the primary cause of global warming. It is proven that the building sector contributes to the biggest causes of overheating in the environment. Based on previous research, residential and commercial has reached 20% to 40% of the total energy consumption and this growing trend is still happening. Moreover, the electricity consumption in the building and construction process is the main reason for the growth of carbon emission. Therefore, the stakeholder particularly architects and designer should take an early initiative to overcome the problems. One of the approaches is to predict building performance through simulation in the initial design phase. In line with this, rapid technology development has brought to an alarming situation concerning energy consumption. Passive design is considered as one of the strategies to moderate indoor temperature in a tropical climate. Some studies suggest that the use of natural ventilation is potentially reducing operating costs and produce better thermal and indoor air quality. This study will investigate the optimization process of daylight performace condition that driven by façade components such as balcony size, orientation, openings, layout and louver windows using generative and parametric tools through multi-objectives optimization and generative simulation. The methodology used in this research is generative simulation in parametric platform named Grasshopper sith plugin software ladybug + honey bee. From the simulation it is resulted that Preferred individuals have an illuminance value of 211 test points. The properties owned by these individuals are cantilevered as a canopy at the height of 3 meters, a cantilever or canopy length of 2 meters, the building’s orientation angle to the south is 21 °, and has 32% opening of the total façade surface.
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