The efficiency of new fertilizers as a nitrogen source in super-early cycle common bean cultivars still needs to be better known. The objective was to quantify the effect of new sources and time of application of nitrogen on yield and yield components of a super-early cycle bean cultivar. The experiment was conducted in the city of Rio Verde, state of Goias, Brazil, using the experimental design of randomized blocks, in a 3x3+1 factorial scheme, with four replications. The first factor was constituted by nitrogen (N) sources: traditional urea, zeolite-associated urea, and urea with urease inhibitor, using the dose of 80 kg ha -1 N. The second factor was application stages: V2, V3, and V4, that is, when 50% of the plants had the first pair of unifoliolate leaves, the first trifoliolate leaf, and the third trifoliolate leaf fully expanded, respectively. Moreover, an additional treatment was used, without N application (control). The cultivar used was BRS FC104, of super-early cycle, from 60 to 65 days. The following were measured: relative chlorophyll index (RCI), plant height, first pod insertion height, number of pods per plant, number of grains per pod, mass of 100 grains and yield. There was no significant difference between sources and application stages regarding the number of pods per plant, number of grains per pod, plant height and first pod insertion height. The highest yields were obtained with the use of zeolite-associated urea, and the best application stage was V4. The use of urea with urease inhibitor did not provide an increase in grain yield compared to the control treatment.Additional keywords: application stage; Phaseolus vulgaris; urease inhibitor; zeolites. ResumoA eficiência de novos adubos como fonte de nitrogênio em cultivar de ciclo superprecoce, no feijoeiro comum, ainda necessita ser mais bem conhecida. O objetivo foi quantificar o efeito de novas fontes e época de aplicação de nitrogênio na produtividade e nos componentes de produtividade de cultivar de feijoeiro de ciclo superprecoce. O experimento foi conduzido no município de Rio Verde-GO, utilizando o delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados, em arranjo fatorial 3x3+1, com quatro repetições. O primeiro fator foi constituído por fontes de nitrogênio (N): ureia tradicional, ureia associada a zeólitas e ureia com inibidor da urease, utilizando a dose de 80 kg ha -1 de N. O segundo fator foram estádios de aplicação: V2, V3 e V4, ou seja, quando 50% das plantas apresentaram o primeiro par de folhas unifolioladas, a primeira folha trifoliolada e a terceira folha trifoliolada totalmente expandida, respectivamente. Além disso, foi utilizado um tratamento adicional sem aplicação de N (testemunha). A cultivar utilizada foi a BRS FC104, de ciclo superprecoce, de 60 a 65 dias. Foram medidos o índice relativo de clorofila (índice SPAD), altura de planta e de inserção da primeira vagem, número de vagens por planta e grãos por vagem, massa de 100 grãos e produtividade. Não houve diferença significativa entre fontes e estádios de ap...
Pterodon pubescens is a native Brazilian species typical of the cerrado biome, belonging to the Leguminosae-Papilionoideae (Fabaceae) family and popularly known as sucupira branca or faveiro. Its seeds exhibit different integument colors, which may exhibit a direct association to physiological quality related to higher germination percentage rates, vigor, and germination speed index (GSI). Therefore, selection and evaluation methods concerning P. pubescens seed quality are required for the preservation of this species. In this context, the aim of the present study was to determine the relationship between P. pubescens seed integument color and seed quality, through a combination of radiographic imaging and physiological, histochemical and biochemical assays. P. pubescens seeds were obtained from five matrices, and visually classified into four color classes, yellow, light brown, dark brown and black. The coordinates “L”, “a” and “b”, indicated by the colorimeter and the calculations of the chroma and hue angle values, verified that there was a difference in the color of the seeds, eliminating the subjectivity of the visual classification. Thus, the clearer the integuments, the greater their density, filling and α-amylase and β-amylase hydrolytic enzyme activities, the latter comprising important germination power indicators, in addition to high ascorbate peroxidase (APX) enzyme activities, responsible for hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) elimination. Because of this, lighter colored seeds led to higher vigor, germination and GSI rates. The removal of darker seeds from P. pubescens seed lots guarantees higher germination rates and vigor of new plants in nurseries destined to recompose P. pubescens populations.
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